Quelles politiques de développement durable au Mali et à Madagascar ?



Quelles politiques de développement durable au Mali et à Madagascar

Pierre-Marie Bosc*
Marie-Hélène Dabat**
Elodie Maître D’Hôtel***

Résumé

Nous étudions le processus de transfert politique selon lequel les idées et valeurs du
« développement durable », mûries et véhiculées au niveau international, donnent lieu au
niveau national à une recomposition des modes publics d’intervention en milieu rural. Au
Mali et à Madagascar, les politiques de développement durable recouvrent des expressions
différentes. Nous interprétons ces différences par une analyse comparative des stratégies des
acteurs intervenant dans le jeu politique. Nous montrons que ces stratégies renvoient à des
processus historiques. L’analyse sur le temps long des processus de construction et de mise en
oeuvre des politiques agricoles et rurales dans ces pays permet de mieux comprendre les
expressions qu’y revêt aujourd’hui le développement durable.

Mots clés : Politiques, développement rural, développement durable, Mali, Madagascar

Which sustainable development policies in Mali and Madagascar ?

Abstract

Ideas and values of "sustainable development" are transfered from the international to the
national level in policy-making processes and give way to a recomposition of rural
development policies : we study that policy transfert. In Mali and Madagascar, sustainable
development policies are quite different. We give an interpretation of these differences by a
comparative analysis of strategies of actors involved in policy-making processes. We show
that these strategies are related to historical processes. In Mali and Madagascar, the long run
analysis of agricultural and rural policy making allows us a better understanding of current
sustainable development policies.

Key words : Policies, rural development, sustainable development, Mali, Madagascar

JEL: B52, D278, Q10, Q18

1 Nous remercions Johny Egg et Philippe Méral pour les précieux éléments qu’ils ont apportés à ce papier, par
leurs connaissances respectives des terrains Mali et Madagascar.

* Chercheur, CIRAD, France, [email protected]

* * Chercheur, CIRAD, Burkina Faso, [email protected]

* * * Postdoc, GEMDEV, France, [email protected]



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