The name is absent



SIZE OF HIPPOCAMPAL PYRAMIDAL NEURONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Gruzelier, J., Seymour, K.,Wilson, L., et al (1988)
IImpairments on neuropsychologiic tests of
te
mporohippocampal and frontohippocampal functions
and word fluency iin remittiing schizophrenia and
affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45,
623^629.

Gundersen, H. J. & Jensen, E. B. (1987) The eff iiciency
of systematiic sampling in stereology and its prediction.
J
ournal of Microscopy, 147, 229^263.

Gur, R. E., Cowell, P., Turetsky, B. I., et al (1998) A
follow-up magnetic resonance iimaging study of
schizophrenia. Relatiionship of neuroanatomical changes
to
clinical and neurobehaviorall measures. Archives of
G
eneral Psychiatry, 55, 145^152.

Harrison, P. J. (1999) The neuropathollogy of
schizop
hrenia: a critical review of the data and their
iinterpretation. Brain, 122, 593^624.

Heckers, S., Heinsen, H., Heinsen, Y. C., et al (1990)
Liimbic structures and lateral ventricle in schizophrenia.
A q
uantitative postmortem study. Archives of General
Ps
ychiatry, 47, 1016^1022.

__ , __ , Geiger, B., et al (19 91) Hippocampall neuron
nu
mber iin schiizophreniia. A stereologicall study. Archives
o
f General Psychiatry, 48, 1002^1008.

Highley, J. R., McDonald, B., Walker, M. A., et al
(1999) Schizophrenia and temporal llobe asymmetry. A
post-mortem stereologicall study of tissue volume. British
J
ournal of Psychiatry, 175, 127^1134.

Howard, C.V. & Reed, M. G. (1998) Unbiased
Stereolog
y. Three-dimensional Measurement in Microscopy.
New York: Springer.

Jeste, D.V. & Lohr, J. B. (1989) Hippocampal pathollogiic
fi
ndings in schiizophrenia. A morphometriic study.

Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 1019^11024.

McDonald, B., Highley, J. R., Walker, M. A., et al
(2000) Anomalous asymmetry of fusiform and
parahiippocampall gyrus gray matter in schizophreniia: a
p
ostmortem study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157,
40^47.

Nelson, M. D., Saykin, A. J., Flashman, L. A., et al
(1998) Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophreniia
as assessed by magnetiic resonance iimagiing: a meta-
analytic study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55,
4
33^440.

Saykin, A. J., Gur, R. C., Gur, R. E., et al (1991)
Neuropsychological function in schizophrenia. Sellectiive

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

& Memory impairments in schizophrenia cannot be attributed to alterations in size
of
hippocampal neurons.

& Reduction in size of the hippocampus in schizophrenia is not explained by reduced
hi
ppocampal neuron size.

LIMITATIONS

& The sample sizes are relatively small.

& There is the possibility of a type II error (failure to detect a true difference
be
tween the brains of people with and without schizophrenia).

& The hippocampus was analysed as a whole, so changes in a part, such as the
anterior half, might have been missed.


J. R. HIGHLEY, MB DPhiil, M. A.WALKER, B. McDONALD, FRCPath, Department of Clliniical Neurology;

T. J. CROW, MB PhD, Department of Psychiatry; M. M. ESIRI, DM FRCPath, Department of Clinical Neurollogy,
Universiity of Oxford, UK

Correspondence: Professor M. M. Esiri, Neuropathology Department, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2
6 HE, UK. Tell: 01865 224403 ; fax: 01865 224508 ; e-mail: margaret. esiri @cllneuro.ox.ac. uk

(First received 24 January 2003, final revision 2 June 2003, accepted 4 June 2003)


impairment in memory and llearning. Archives of General
Ps
ychiatry, 48, 618^624.

Walker, M. A., Highley, J. R., Esiri, M. M., et al (2002)
Es
tiimated neuronall populations and volumes of the
hi
ppocampus and its subfiields in schizophreniia. American
Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 8211^828.

West, M.J. (1999) Stereological methods for estimatiing
t
he totall number of neurons and synapses: iissues of
pre
ciisiion and bias. Trends in Neurosciences, 22, 51^611.

__ Gundersen, H. J. (1990) Unbiased stereological
e
stiimatiion of the number of neurons iin the human
hip
pocampus. Journal of Com parative Neurology, 296,
1^
22.

Zaidel, D.W., Esiri, M. M. & Harrison, P. J. (1997) Siize,
shape, and orientation of neurons in the left and riight
hip
pocampus: investigation of normall asymmetriies and
alterations in schizophrenia. American Journal of
Psychiatry, 154, 812^818.

417




More intriguing information

1. Visual Artists Between Cultural Demand and Economic Subsistence. Empirical Findings From Berlin.
2. ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF IMMEDIATE CONCERN
3. Fiscal Rules, Fiscal Institutions, and Fiscal Performance
4. Urban Green Space Policies: Performance and Success Conditions in European Cities
5. Accurate, fast and stable denoising source separation algorithms
6. The name is absent
7. A Multimodal Framework for Computer Mediated Learning: The Reshaping of Curriculum Knowledge and Learning
8. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its determinants in first 6 months of life: A prospective study
9. On the job rotation problem
10. CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS