h=i+l
h=i+k
h=i+j
h=i
Figure 13: Example of c-commands.
5.2 Definition of C-command
Definition [13] p.134
Node A c-commands (constituent-commands) node B iff:
i) A does not dominate B and B does not dominate A,
ii) The first branching node dominating A also dominates B.
Remarks
The first requirement is that there is no direct route up or down from A to B
passing more than one higher node. The second requirement restricts A and
B to be ’close’. Haegeman’s first criterion for dominance needs to be adjusted:
if it is correct then h(A) > h(B) and h(B) > h(A) so that the set of all c-
commands is empty, therefore greater than or equal ≥ is used here instead of
greater than >. Haegeman’s second criterion for dominance also needs to be
adjusted: if no higher node is allowed the set of c-commands is again empty.
Chomsky (1986a) [6] p.161 approaches the sub ject in a different manner using
maximal projections.
Example:Figure 13 in the figure 0 < j < k < l. The corresponding ultra-
metric matrix is
• ABCD
A0kk l
(24)
U= B . 0 j l
C..0l
D. . .0
15
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