Figure 3.16 NMR 1-D T1 weighted profile measurement Ofemulsion samples 1-4......70
Figure 3.17 Calibration for calculation Ofwaterfraction (sample 1)...............................72
Figure 3.18 Profile results and water fractions of sample 1 (with solids, no PR5)..........75
Figure 3.19 Profile results and water fractions of sample 2 (with solids and PR5).........76
Figure 3.20 Profile results and water fractions of sample 3 (without solids or PR5).......77
Figure 3.21 Profile results and water fractions of sample 4 (without solids, with PR5)...78
Figure 3.22 Front position sedimentation rate Ofemulsion sample 1............................81
Figure 3.23 Front position sedimentation rate of emulsion sample 3............................83
Figure 4.1 11.2 h diluted bitumen emulsions adding 200 ppm PR5 at 30 oC................86
Figure 4.2 Separation of toluene-brine mixture with 1.0 % kaolinite............................92
Figure 4.3 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite in toluene-brine mixture with 1.0 %
kaolinite.....................................................................................................93
Figure 4.4 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with different amount of naphthenate adding
NaOH/ Na2SiO3 at different pH..................................................................95
Figure 4.5 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding NaOH/
Na2SiO3 at different pH..............................................................................96
Figure 4.6 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100/ 200 ppm naphthenate adding
different amount of C8TAB at pH 8.3..........................................................99
Figure 4.7 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite adding different amount of C8TAB............100
Figure 4.8 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding 1000 ppm
betaine at pH 8.3.....................................................................................102
Figure 4.9 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding different
amount of betaine 13 at pH 8.3................................................................103
Figure 4.10 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite adding different amount of betaine 13 at pH
8.3...........................................................................................................104
Figure 4.11 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding 100/1000
ppm amine oxide at pH 8.3......................................................................105
Figure 4.12 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding different
amount of betaine 13 at pH 8.3................................................................106
Figure 4.13 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding C8TAB,
betaine 13 or amine oxide DO at pH 8.3..................................................108
Figure 4.14 Gouy-Stern-Grahame model of double layer............................................110
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