The name is absent

Figure 3.16 NMR 1-D T₁ weighted profile measurement Ofemulsion samples 1-4......70

Figure 3.17 Calibration for calculation Ofwaterfraction (sample 1)...............................72

Figure 3.18 Profile results and water fractions of sample 1 (with solids, no PR₅)..........75

Figure 3.19 Profile results and water fractions of sample 2 (with solids and PR₅).........76

Figure 3.20 Profile results and water fractions of sample 3 (without solids or PR₅).......77

Figure 3.21 Profile results and water fractions of sample 4 (without solids, with PR₅)...78

Figure 3.22 Front position sedimentation rate Ofemulsion sample 1............................81

Figure 3.23 Front position sedimentation rate of emulsion sample 3............................83

Figure 4.1 11.2 h diluted bitumen emulsions adding 200 ppm PR₅ at 30 ^oC................86

Figure 4.2 Separation of toluene-brine mixture with 1.0 % kaolinite............................92

Figure 4.3 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite in toluene-brine mixture with 1.0 %
kaolinite.....................................................................................................93

Figure 4.4 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with different amount of naphthenate adding

NaOH/ Na₂SiO₃ at different pH..................................................................95

Figure 4.5 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding NaOH/

Na₂SiO₃ at different pH..............................................................................96

Figure 4.6 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100/ 200 ppm naphthenate adding
different amount of C₈TAB at pH 8.3..........................................................99

Figure 4.7 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite adding different amount of C₈TAB............100

Figure 4.8 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding 1000 ppm

betaine at pH 8.3.....................................................................................102

Figure 4.9 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding different
amount of betaine 13 at pH 8.3................................................................103

Figure 4.10 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite adding different amount of betaine 13 at pH
8.3...........................................................................................................104

Figure 4.11 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding 100/1000

ppm amine oxide at pH 8.3......................................................................105

Figure 4.12 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding different
amount of betaine 13 at pH 8.3................................................................106

Figure 4.13 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding C₈TAB,
betaine 13 or amine oxide DO at pH 8.3..................................................108

Figure 4.14 Gouy-Stern-Grahame model of double layer............................................110

xii

<<   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   >>

More intriguing information