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Chapter 5

In the middle of oil layer, samples with dilution ratio 0.7 all have water content
greater than 4.0%; samples with dilution ratio 4.0 all have water content less than
1.0%. For both dilution ratios, emulsion samples adding PR₅ have lower water
content than others. Samples with dilution ratio 0.7 have solid content in oil layer
2.0% - 4.5%. Emulsion samples have about 30% solid in oil and 30% solid at the
bottom. Sample adding PR₅ has lowest solid content in oil layer. Samples with
dilution ratio 4.0 have solid content in oil layer 1.0% - 1.5%. Emulsion samples
have about 30% solid in oil and 60% solid at the bottom. Sample adding PR₆ has
lowest solid content in oil layer.

Residual water and solid content in emulsion with N∕B 0.7 are higher than
that with 4.0. The reason could be the viscosity and density difference of diluted
bitumen with N∕B 0.7 and 4.0. At 80 ⁰C, diluted bitumen after centrifugation with
dilution ratio 0.7 has density 808 kg∕ m³ and viscosity 4.84×W³ Pa∙s; diluted
bitumen with dilution ratio 4.0 has density 748 kg∕ m³, viscosity 8.1×10^⁴ Pa s;
density of brine is 975 kg∕ m³. Viscosity of diluted bitumen with dilution ratio 0.7 is
about six times of that with dilution ratio 4.0. Diluted bitumen with dilution ratio 4.0
has 1.4 times the density difference between oil and water compared to that with
dilution ratio 0.7. Higher viscosity of oil and lower density difference between oil
and water can slow the sedimentation of water and solid in oil. Based on Stokes’

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