The name is absent



Chapter 5

5.9. Asphaltene content of solid in different layers of emulsion

5.9.1. Materials and methods

Demulsifier 6057 was from Syncrude. Ltd. Solids in different layers emulsion
were collected by centrifugation at 8000 g for 30 minutes. After centrifugation, oil
and water were removed and the open centrifuge tube was put in the oven at 50
0C overnight until the weight did not change. Then the separated clay was treated
with toluene several times until the supernatant toluene layer was colorless and
transparent. Toluene was separated by centrifugation at 8000 g for 30 minutes.
After drying, weight difference of solid before and after toluene treatment could be
obtained. Asphaltene content in solid was calculated based on weight difference
of solid and the total weight of solid before toluene treatment.

5.9.2. Results and discussions

Table 5.7 shows solid distribution and asphaltene content of solid in different
layers of partially separated emulsions with 200 ppm 6057 24 hours after sample
preparation at 80 0C. The pH of the aqueous phase without silicate is 8.3. The pH
ofthe aqueous phase with 4×10'4 M silicate is 9.1.

From all the samples, clay solid has asphaltene content: in oil layer > in rag
layer > at bottom layer. Clay solid in emulsion sample has oil-wet sequence: in oil
layer > in rag layer > at bottom layer. The reason could be that solid with higher

184



More intriguing information

1. The name is absent
2. Does adult education at upper secondary level influence annual wage earnings?
3. Changing spatial planning systems and the role of the regional government level; Comparing the Netherlands, Flanders and England
4. The Mathematical Components of Engineering
5. Barriers and Limitations in the Development of Industrial Innovation in the Region
6. Why Managers Hold Shares of Their Firms: An Empirical Analysis
7. The name is absent
8. Natural Resources: Curse or Blessing?
9. Philosophical Perspectives on Trustworthiness and Open-mindedness as Professional Virtues for the Practice of Nursing: Implications for he Moral Education of Nurses
10. Second Order Filter Distribution Approximations for Financial Time Series with Extreme Outlier