The name is absent



Chapter 3

becomes larger as time increases and exceeds the largest drop size limit that can
be measured by CPMG method. This reveals that time evolution of emulsion
adding demulsifier can be characterized via CMPG T2 distribution measurement.

Figure 3.13 T2 distribution of layered water/ oil mixture and water in oil emulsion

Figure 3.13 shows T2 distribution of layered water/ diluted bitumen (dilution
ratio 2.4, solids-free) mixture and water in diluted bitumen (sample 1, dilution ratio
2.4, with clay solids) emulsion. In this case, T2 distribution of water in diluted
bitumen emulsion has only one peak. T2 distribution of water drops overlaps with
that of oil. T2 distribution Ofwaterdrops is not distinguishable and cannot be used
to calculate drop size distribution. To solve this problem, NMR PGSE restricted

64



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