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RICE UNIVERSITY STUDIES
7. Derk Bodde. China's First Unifier (London. 1967).
8. Joseph Levenson and Franz Schurmann, China: An Interpretive History (Berkeley and
Los Angeles, 1971), pp. 71ff.
9. Etienne Balazs, Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy, translated by H. M. Wright
(New Haven and London, 1970), pp. 3-27.
10. Fung, A History, vol. 2, pp. 7-167.
11. Michael Sullivan, The Arts of China (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, 1977), p.
67.
12. Fung, A History, vol. I. pp. 379-395; vol. 2, pp. 102-123.
13. Arthur Wright, Buddhism in Chinese History (New York, 1968), chapters 2, 3, and 4.
14. In these essentially bloodless persecutions, more than 40,000 temples and shrines were
confiscated and over 260,000 monksand nuns secularized.
15. Wright, Buddhism, chapters 5 and 6.
16. Sullivan, TheArts, p. 122.
17. P. T. Ho, The Ladder of Success in Imperial China (New York and London, 1962), p.
257.
18. Joseph Needham, "Science and China's Influence on the World,” in Raymond
Dawson, ed., The Legacy of China (Oxford, 1971). On the Sung cultural legacy, see W. T. de
Bary, ed., Self and Society in Ming Thought (New York and London, 1970), pp. 8-9.
19. Jacques Gernet, Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion 1250-1276,
translated by H. M. Wright (Stanford, 1962).
20. Fung, A History, vol. 2, pp. 407-592.
21. James T. C. Liu, “How Did a Neo-Confucian School Become the State Ortho-
doxy?” Philosophy East and West 23, no. 4 (October 1973): 483-505.
22. W. T. de Bary, "Introduction,” in de Bary, ed., The Unfolding of Neo-
Confucianism (New York and London, 1975).
23. Frederic Wakeman, “High Ch'ing: 1683-1839,” in James Crowley, ed., Modern East
Asia: Essaysin Interpretation (New York, Chicago, etc., 1970), p. 1.
24. Quoted in Harold Kahn, Monarchy in the Emperor's Eyes (Cambridge, Mass.,
1971), p. 4.
25. For a convenient overview of the Ch'ing political structure, see Albert Feuerwerker,
Stateand Society in Eighteenth-Century China (Ann Arbor, 1976), pp. 35-75.