The name is absent



Table 3

Size of government in the cross sections
OLS and instrumental variable estimates

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Dep. Var.

cgexp

cgexp

cgexp

cgexp

cgexp

cgexp

cgexp

cgexp

maj

-4.76

(3.39)

-2.73

(2.55)

semi

8.31

(4.53)*

district

14.52

17.29

(2.05)***

(2.29)***

coalition

17.00

30.07

(3.72)***

(10.79)***

single

-17.17

(5.58)***

-24.47

(14. 97)

ngov

7.74

(4.06)*

10.01

(5.47)*

Over-id

2.16(3)

2.26(2)

0.02(2)

1.29(2)

1.60(1)

1.70(2)

Sample

1990s

1960-98

1990s

1990s

1990s

1960-98

1960-98

1960-98

Estimation

OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

2SLS

2SLS

2SLS

2SLS

Obs.

46

34

46

46

46

34

34

34

Adj. R-sq

0.67

0.55

Robust standard errors in parentheses; * significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%

Variables included in OLS specification, col (1), and second stage of 2SLS specification, cols (3)-(5): lyp, trade, prop65, federal, avelf, col_uka

Variables included in OLS specification, col (2), and second stage of 2SLS specification, cols (6)-(8): lyp, prop65, federal, col_uka

First-stage in 2SLS specifications: as displayed in cols 1-2 plus investiture (in cols 3 and 6) and threshold (in cols 5 and 8), plus all second-stage variables
Over-id is Hansen’s J test statistic for test of the over-identifying restriction implied by the electoral rule and constitutional variables having no direct effect
on the size of government; critical values at 5% significance are 7.81(col 3), 5.99(cols 4, 5, 6 and 8), 3.84 (col 7)



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