Flatliners: Ideology and Rational Learning in the Diffusion of the Flat Tax



Table 2: Traditional Taxation Models Plus Diffusion and Ideology

Variable

E.

F.

G.

H.

Constant

-15.35**

-33.21***

-31.38***

-32.94***

(6.62)

(8.3)

(8.78)

(10.53)

Percent

.51*

.40

.35

.41

elderly

(.27)

(.28)

(.30)

(.31)

Public Debt

.11

.08

.04

.04

(.08)

(.09)

(.11)

(.11)

Growth

.08

.08

.11

.16*

(.06)

(.07)

(.07)

(.09)

Income

-.0001

-.0001

-.0001

-.0001

(.0001)

(.0001)

(.0001)

(.0001)

Trade

.008

-.0001

-.008

-.014

(.01)

(.01)

(.15)

(.02)

Industry

-.024

.022

.001

-.027

(.11)

(.14)

(.15)

(.19)

Unemployment

.003

-.01

-.003

.01

(.08)

(.08)

(.09)

(.09)

Political

-

-.05

-.58

-1.2

constraints

(1.8)

(2.1)

(2.1)

Capital-account

.93***

.99***

.96**

1.05**

openness

(.26)

(.30)

(.31)

(.36)

FDI

-.61

-.76

-.58

-.33

competition

(.42)

(.54)

(.68)

(.76)

Diffusion

-

16.71***

16.11***

15.58***

(2.03)

(2.7)

(2.25)

Ideology

-

.28**

.36**

.44**

(.10)

(.15)

(.21)

Spatial lag

-

-

8.71**

-9.90

(unweighted)

(4.8)

(8.2)

Spatial lag

-

-

-

5.5**

(FDI-weighted)

(2.2)

Pseudo-R2

.66

.70

.74

.78

Log-Likelihood

-42.62

-37.85

-31.81

-28.38

Dependent variable is adoption of the flat tax for a given country year. Standard errors in parentheses.
Logit estimation via multiple imputation with fixed effects for year, temporal controls and the lagged
dependent variable are omitted. N=300. Pseudo-R
2 and log-likelihood are calculated from one single
dataset, multiple imputation does not report them. *Significant at p<.10 level, **significant at p<.05
level, ***significant at p<.001 level.

38



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