I 190
Annex 1.1
Contrasting Ethnographic and Quantitative Approaches
(from Jacob, 1982:125)
Methodological Characteristics of Ethnographic
and Quantitative Approaches
________Approaches |
to Research______________ | |
Dimensions of Contrast |
Ethnographic________ |
Quantitative______________ |
Hypothesis Formulation |
Formulated through- |
Formulated at beginning |
Hypothesis Reformulation |
Open to reformu- |
Not open to reformu- |
Questions Asked |
Descriptive, process |
Descriptive, causal |
Data Used |
Qualitative |
Quantitative |
Methods of Data Collection |
Naturalistic partici- |
Nonparticipant observa- |
Concern for Context |
Central concern |
Minor concern |
Approach to Generalization |
Nonstatistical |
Statistical |
Concern for Validity |
Central concern |
Not of central concern |
Concern for Reliability |
Not of central |
Central concern |
Approach to Meaning |
Emica and locally |
Eticb |
Tjrpes of Categories Used |
Emica and locally |
Eticb |
aEmic refers to meanings and categories that are recognized by mem-
bers of the culture being studied, i.e., the native’s viewpoint.
^Etic refers to meanings and categories that are imposed on the data
from outside, usually from a theory or model, t.e., the researcher’s view-
point.
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