Discourse Patterns in First Language Use at Hcme and Second Language Learning at School: an Ethnographic Approach



I 190

Annex 1.1

Contrasting Ethnographic and Quantitative Approaches

(from Jacob, 1982:125)

Methodological Characteristics of Ethnographic
and Quantitative Approaches

________Approaches

to Research______________

Dimensions of Contrast

Ethnographic________

Quantitative______________

Hypothesis Formulation

Formulated through-
out study

Formulated at beginning
of study

Hypothesis Reformulation

Open to reformu-
lation

Not open to reformu-
lation

Questions Asked

Descriptive, process

Descriptive, causal

Data Used

Qualitative

Quantitative

Methods of Data Collection

Naturalistic partici-
pant observation,
open-ended inter-
views

Nonparticipant observa-
tion, questionnaires,
experiments

Concern for Context

Central concern
( ethnohistorical
and immediate)

Minor concern

Approach to Generalization

Nonstatistical

Statistical

Concern for Validity

Central concern

Not of central concern

Concern for Reliability

Not of central
concern

Central concern

Approach to Meaning

Emica and locally
relevant

Eticb

Tjrpes of Categories Used

Emica and locally
relevant

Eticb

aEmic refers to meanings and categories that are recognized by mem-
bers of the culture being studied, i.e., the native’s viewpoint.

^Etic refers to meanings and categories that are imposed on the data
from outside, usually from a theory or model, t.e., the researcher’s view-
point.



More intriguing information

1. The name is absent
2. The name is absent
3. Bargaining Power and Equilibrium Consumption
4. Epistemology and conceptual resources for the development of learning technologies
5. Input-Output Analysis, Linear Programming and Modified Multipliers
6. Une Gestion des ressources humaines à l'interface des organisations : vers une GRH territoriale ?
7. The name is absent
8. Constructing the Phylomemetic Tree Case of Study: Indonesian Tradition-Inspired Buildings
9. Campanile Orchestra
10. Giant intra-abdominal hydatid cysts with multivisceral locations