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Table 4

Probit estimates of marginal effects evaluated at the means of explanatory variables

	EU	AT	DE	DK	ES	FI	FR	GR	IE	IT	LU	NL	PT	SE	UK
employ	0.017	-0.197 ***	-0.037	-0.009	0.027	0.018	0.012	0.005	0.044	0.057	-0.012	0.070 *	0.016	0.065 **	0.080 *
	0.019	0.046	0.042	0.057	0.055	0.046	0.082	0.030	0.033	0.052	0.080	0.036	0.033	0.036	0.045
unemploy	0.081 ***	-0.010	0.108 **	0.026	0.064	0.095 **	0.066	-0.001	0.011	0.135 *	-0.133	-0.105	-0.092	0.021	0.022
	0.023	0.091	0.043	0.083	0.044	0.041	0.061	0.042	0.027	0.085	0.162	0.091	0.112	0.051	0.100
isb	0.000	0.066	0.038 **	-0.018	-0.008	-0.060 ***	0.016	0.014 **	-0.025	-0.071	0.210 ***	0.024	-0.016	-0.014	-0.093 **
	0.011	0.051	0.017	0.045	0.023	0.008	0.028	0.006	0.020	0.075	0.057	0.024	0.039	0.013	0.044
relinc	-0.009	-0.012	-0.011	-0.002	-0.008	-0.006	-0.016	-0.006	-0.009	-0.029	0.013	-0.008	-0.017 *	-0.002	-0.002
	0.006	0.014	0.014	0.032	0.029	0.011	0.019	0.013	0.020	0.026	0.036	0.018	0.010	0.008	0.011
ed0	0.129 ***	0.171	t	s(1)	0.106	0.039	0.094	0.001	0.219 ***	0.354 **	0.169	-0.037	0.152	f(10)	f(1)
	0.037	0.092			0.087	0.140	0.062	0.052	0.084	0.161	0.183	0.135	0.096
ed1	0.098 ***	0.031	0.113 ***	0.136 ***	0.030	0.007	0.103 **	0.032	0.064 *	0.175 ***	0.093 *	0.063 *	-0.018	0.059 ***	0.119 ***
	0.015	0.035	0.036	0.036	0.057	0.017	0.044	0.020	0.034	0.053	0.053	0.033	0.041	0.019	0.025
ed3	-0.124 ***	-0.084 **	-0.111 ***	-0.163 ***	0.038	-0.114 ***	-0.113 ***	-0.147 ***	-0.107 ***	-0.027	-0.102	-0.169 ***	-0.050	-0.064 ***	-0.218 ***
	0.015	0.038	0.019	0.036	0.075	0.034	0.026	0.032	0.032	0.124	0.066	0.027	0.049	0.015	0.031
media	-0.017 ***	0.004	-0.025 *	-0.024 *	0.033	0.006	-0.031 **	-0.017	-0.006	0.002	-0.004	0.007	-0.013	-0.002	-0.037 ***
	0.006	0.011	0.013	0.013	0.023	0.006	0.016	0.013	0.014	0.029	0.015	0.011	0.032	0.002	0.009
friend1	-0.119 ***	-0.144 ***	-0.130 ***	-0.110 ***	-0.179 ***	-0.127 ***	-0.123 ***	-0.078 ***	-0.019	-0.157 ***	-0.006	-0.076 ***	-0.143 **	-0.002	-0.076 ***
	0.011	0.035	0.018	0.023	0.041	0.013	0.028	0.024	0.028	0.050	0.063	0.026	0.065	0.024	0.027
friend2	-0.199 ***	-0.319 ***	-0.171 ***	-0.270 ***	-0.314 ***	-0.299 ***	-0.228 ***	-0.152 ***	-0.130 ***	-0.256 **	0.002	-0.086 **	-0.317 ***	-0.032 *	-0.102 ***
	0.018	0.035	0.037	0.058	0.051	0.041	0.038	0.052	0.021	0.057	0.064	0.036	0.047	0.019	0.033
racist	0.129 ***	-0.002	0.122 ***	0.119 ***	0.021	0.029 **	0.120 ***	0.017	0.101 ***	0.111 *	-0.005	0.173 ***	0.116 ***	0.107 ***	0.209 ***
	0.012	0.042	0.022	0.018	0.035	0.013	0.035	0.025	0.029	0.054	0.038	0.030	0.029	0.012	0.032
citizen	0.073 **	-0.047	0.129 ***	-0.018	0.319 **	0.140 *	-0.090	0.215 ***	0.149 ***	f(1)	0.051	-0.033	0.074	-0.001	0.119
	0.033	0.115	0.023	0.124	0.103	0.081	0.102	0.078	0.039		0.069	0.102	0.232	0.034	0.128
ethnic	0.018	0.095 *	-0.087	0.080	-0.218 **	-0.261 **	0.082	-0.087 ***	-0.101	0.514 *	-0.169 *	0.060	0.014	0.016	0.063
	0.033	0.049	0.053	0.111	0.082	0.111	0.090	0.027	0.058	0.212	0.092	0.068	0.096	0.072	0.077
fparent	-0.051 **	0.007	0.017	0.015	0.009	0.077	-0.130 ***	-0.080 **	0.095	-0.095	-0.098	-0.080 *	-0.103	0.031	-0.066
	0.022	0.024	0.039	0.056	0.081	0.056	0.045	0.035	0.075	0.101	0.060	0.045	0.119	0.038	0.045
female	-0.008	-0.003	-0.056 **	-0.064 *	0.035	-0.094 ***	0.036	-0.050 **	-0.040 *	0.029	0.020	-0.047	0.067	-0.020	0.017
	0.013	0.032	0.023	0.034	0.036	0.026	0.042	0.025	0.022	0.046	0.046	0.030	0.045	0.015	0.019
age	0.001 ***	0.005 ***	0.002 **	0.003 ***	0.000	0.007 ***	0.003 ***	0.001 **	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.000
	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.000
log pseudolikelihood	-10621.331	-678.319	-1189.042	-751.780	-477.409	-1012.549	-661.650	-537.589	-819.938	-272.724	-408.045	-1154.942	-509.107	-595.321	-995.562
McFadden's (1974) LRI	0.110	0.103	0.078	0.083	0.061	0.116	0.118	0.127	0.052	0.091	0.050	0.054	0.089	0.087	0.132
R²p	0.280	0.190	0.088	0.194	0.225	0.274	0.200	0.054	0.025	0.090	0.149	0.068	0.077	0.009	0.271
Sum of PCP	1.341	1.284	1.171	1.260	1.255	1.327	1.294	1.150	1.063	1.167	1.155	1.136	1.166	1.028	1.315
obs.	17640.000	1123.000	1979.000	1197.000	734.000	1663.000	1112.000	1280.000	1419.000	480.000	620.000	1820.000	837.000	1697.000	1666.000

t All non-missing observations are 0, and the corresponding variable is dropped in estimation.

s(n) n observations predict success perfectly, and the corresponding variable and the n observations are dropped in estimation.
f(n) n observations predict failure perfectly, and the corresponding variable and the n observations are dropped in estimation.

* 10% ** 5% *** 1%

The three goodness-of-fit measures are described in Verbeek

(2004: 194-197).

Sum of PCP is the sum of the proportions of correct predictions for anti

1 and anti = 0.

Sampling weights provided by ESS are applied in maximum likelihood estimation.

For EU, a further weight adjustment is made to reflect the population size of each country.

Estimated standard errors are based on the assumption that observations are not necessarily independent within each region of a country, but are independent across regions of the country.

For EU, 13 country dummies are included with UK being the reference.

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