The name is absent



Table 6

(b) Probit estimates of marginal effects evaluated at the means of explanatory variables: those who did not think that immigration would depress wages on average

EU

AT

DE

DK

ES

FI

FR

GR

IE

IT

LU

NL

PT

SE

UK

employ

0.043 **

-0.267 ***

0.001

-0.004

0.138 ***

0.020

-0.007

0.106

0.048

0.064

0.083

0.073

0.010

0.067 ***

0.121 **

0.021

0.061

0.036

0.073

0.051

0.067

0.074

0.091

0.033

0.056

0.111

0.049

0.100

0.023

0.059

unemploy

0.008

-0.021

0.045

-0.053

-0.026

0.062

0.047

0.036

-0.053

0.003

-0.223

-0.154 *

-0.173

0.021

-0.017

0.040

0.104

0.080

0.110

0.042

0.069

0.107

0.134

0.065

0.120

0.168

0.073

0.199

0.051

0.125

isb

-0.007

0.051

0.059 ***

0.016

-0.035

-0.063 ***

0.000

-0.002

-0.002

-0.106

0.178 **

0.038 *

-0.081

-0.011

-0.097

0.013

0.057

0.021

0.047

0.031

0.022

0.029

0.019

0.021

0.075

0.083

0.022

0.056

0.019

0.064

relinc

-0.008

-0.006

0.001

-0.025

-0.030

0.014

-0.018

-0.030 *

0.002

-0.027

0.043

-0.012

-0.024

-0.011

-0.003

0.006

0.032

0.007

0.029

0.040

0.010

0.017

0.018

0.018

0.025

0.047

0.017

0.017

0.011

0.012

ed0

0.069

0.166

t

s(1)

0.012

0.201

0.115

-0.052

0.231 **

0.243

f(1)

-0.133

0.277 **

f(8)

t

0.052

0.300

0.140

0.176

0.090

0.136

0.116

0.349

0.149

0.126

ed1

0.079 ***

0.034

0.050

0.067

-0.023

0.024

0.123 **

0.049

0.058 *

0.212 ***

0.089

0.025

0.053

0.024 **

0.104 ***

0.019

0.039

0.043

0.041

0.072

0.043

0.056

0.079

0.034

0.050

0.076

0.044

0.037

0.013

0.034

ed3

-0.081 ***

-0.054

-0.094 ***

-0.146 ***

0.064

-0.102 **

-0.020

-0.103 **

-0.075 ***

0.027

-0.066

-0.151 ***

0.037

-0.048 ***

-0.150 ***

0.019

0.048

0.031

0.041

0.087

0.050

0.047

0.047

0.025

0.112

0.087

0.030

0.095

0.006

0.041

media

-0.015 **

0.000

-0.028 ***

-0.027 **

0.028

0.014

-0.037 *

-0.082 **

-0.017

0.050 **

-0.022

0.012

-0.009

0.000

-0.045 ***

0.007

0.023

0.010

0.013

0.026

0.015

0.021

0.038

0.013

0.021

0.021

0.010

0.027

0.003

0.014

friend1

-0.085 ***

-0.209 ***

-0.100 ***

-0.127 ***

-0.127 ***

-0.098 **

-0.074 *

-0.213 **

-0.015

-0.072

0.026

-0.067 ***

-0.046

-0.001

-0.075 **

0.014

0.043

0.019

0.030

0.038

0.039

0.040

0.090

0.028

0.049

0.090

0.024

0.099

0.020

0.033

friend2

-0.179 ***

-0.300 ***

-0.164 ***

-0.243 **

-0.321 ***

-0.347 ***

-0.211 ***

-0.175 *

-0.120 ***

-0.185

0.075

-0.068 *

-0.226 ***

-0.046 ***

-0.108 **

0.018

0.035

0.044

0.077

0.059

0.015

0.033

0.092

0.016

0.048

0.087

0.035

0.047

0.015

0.048

racist

0.139 ***

0.005

0.116 ***

0.127 ***

0.123 ***

0.039

0.169 ***

0.146 *

0.103 ***

0.114 **

0.046

0.125 ***

0.159 **

0.090 ***

0.223 ***

0.015

0.024

0.030

0.029

0.041

0.034

0.035

0.076

0.032

0.054

0.055

0.037

0.076

0.013

0.041

citizen

0.066 *

-0.192

0.084

0.174

0.102

0.020

-0.073

0.219 **

0.156 ***

-0.117

-0.087

0.068

-0.010

0.149

0.033

0.126

0.048

0.109

0.154

0.139

0.125

0.102

0.032

0.103

0.124

0.158

0.032

0.096

ethnic

0.070

0.130 **

-0.035

0.125

f(9)

f(5)

0.108

-0.098

-0.153

0.605 **

-0.091

0.054

-0.163

-0.011

0.120

0.045

0.058

0.093

0.133

0.116

0.135

0.064

0.243

0.142

0.061

0.163

0.049

0.107

fparent

0.006

-0.036

0.029

0.019

-0.065

0.192 **

-0.024

-0.009

0.065

-0.121

-0.165 *

-0.086 **

-0.141

0.052 *

0.039

0.019

0.036

0.048

0.068

0.119

0.085

0.028

0.073

0.066

0.071

0.084

0.039

0.172

0.034

0.057

female

-0.008

0.000

-0.040 **

-0.038

0.045

-0.124 ***

0.000

-0.134 *

-0.073 ***

0.014

-0.015

-0.022

0.080

-0.035 **

0.020

0.013

0.036

0.019

0.040

0.043

0.025

0.053

0.067

0.026

0.053

0.063

0.026

0.077

0.016

0.025

age

0.001 **

0.006 **

0.001

0.004 ***

-0.001

0.008 ***

0.003 *

0.002

0.000

-0.002

0.002

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.002

0.001

0.001

0.002

0.001

0.001

0.002

0.000

0.002

0.002

0.000

0.002

0.000

0.000

log pseudolikelihood

-5908.291

-414.856

-602.884

-559.429

-266.638

-587.701

-311.578

-147.760

-423.550

-148.456

-202.712

-853.079

-238.116

-404.340

-579.029

McFadden's (1974) LRI

0.095

0.113

0.082

0.085

0.067

0.138

0.116

0.127

0.073

0.102

0.059

0.043

0.088

0.097

0.129

R2p

0.115

0.294

0.019

0.173

0.122

0.309

0.118

0.175

0.046

0.057

0.066

-0.004

0.158

0.007

0.149

Sum of PCP

1.224

1.344

1.090

1.252

1.207

1.358

1.223

1.250

1.071

1.089

1.148

1.041

1.183

1.019

1.235

obs.

10657.000

677.000

1148.000

901.000

423.000

989.000

582.000

248.000

856.000

313.000

316.000

1406.000

379.000

1356.000

1039.000

t All non-missing observations are 0, and the corresponding variable is dropped in estimation.

≠ All non-missing observations are 1, and the corresponding variable is dropped in estimation.

s(n) n observations predict success perfectly, and the corresponding variable and the n observations are dropped in estimation.

f(n) n observations predict failure perfectly, and the corresponding variable and the n observations are dropped in estimation.

* 10%   ** 5%   *** 1%

The three goodness-of-fit measures are described in Verbeek


(2004: 194-197).


Sum of PCP is the sum of the proportions of correct predictions for anti


1 and anti = 0.


Sampling weights provided by ESS are applied in maximum likelihood estimation.

For EU, a further weight adjustment is made to reflect the population size of each country.

Estimated standard errors are based on the assumption that observations are not necessarily independent within each region of a country, but are independent across regions of the country.

For EU, 13 country dummies are included with UK being the reference.



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