The name is absent



Table 8

Probit estimates of the effects of employ and unemploy evaluated at the means of explanatory variables: re-estimating the EU equation in Table 4 (excluding isb ) sector by sector

a.

agriculture,

hunting, forestry

d. manufacturing

e. electricity,

gas, water supply

f. construction

g. wholesale/retail trade, repair

of motor
goods

vehicles

and personal/household

i

ii

iii

i

ii

iii

i

ii

iii

i

ii

iii

i

ii

iii

employ

-0.046

-0.108

-0.042

-0.018

-0.020

0.004

0.250

-0.207

s(2)

0.060

0.028

0.148 **

0.033

-0.012

0.095 *

0.064

0.069

0.080

0.059

0.113

0.076

0.234

0.152

0.056

0.094

0.068

0.042

0.077

0.055

unemploy

-0.046

0.063

-0.302 ***

0.091 *

0.166 **

-0.001

0.102

f(1)

0.297 *

0.174 **

0.039

0.283 **

0.081

-0.010

0.100

0.093

0.095

0.057

0.052

0.071

0.076

0.262

0.210

0.074

0.105

0.119

0.050

0.086

0.108

log pseudolikelihood

-597.292

-239.651

-231.929

-2160.335

-849.757

-1165.849

-78.528

-17.108

-28.937

-765.825

-319.064

-363.602

-1504.710

-553.108

-820.300

McFadden's (1974) LRI

0.126

0.174

0.172

0.097

0.102

0.088

0.308

0.555

0.478

0.120

0.136

0.147

0.116

0.117

0.119

R2p

0.233

0.068

0.313

0.292

0.169

0.127

0.294

0.480

0.233

0.267

0.101

0.221

0.303

0.119

0.123

Sum of PCP

1.368

1.276

1.346

1.312

1.271

1.232

1.365

1.564

1.416

1.310

1.224

1.291

1.334

1.255

1.233

obs.

990.000

486.000________

435.000_______

______3472.000_______

1389.000_____

1956.000_____

________177.000

_____58.000________

90.000

_______1257.000_______

567.000

656.000______

______2489.000

________926.000________

1476.000

h.

hotels,

restaurants

i. transport,

storage, communication

j. financial

intermediation

k. real estate/
activities

renting/business

l. public administration, defence,

compulsory

social security

employ

0.103

0.286 **

iii

0.038

0.019

-0.072

iii

0.093

0.125

0.260

iii

0.074

-0.019

0.054

iii

-0.033

-0.076

s(1)

iii

0.059

unemploy

0.088

-0.060

0.086

0.121

0.078

-0.201 ***

0.076

-0.079

0.153

-0.156

0.090

0.011

0.139

-0.097

0.221

0.389 ***

0.120

-0.225 **

0.055

0.079

0.103

0.220 **

0.059

0.015

0.135

0.395 ***       0.233

0.152

0.476 ***

log pseudolikelihood

0.072

-393.957

0.123

-130.113

0.043

-188.073

0.108

-741.708

0.151

-268.944

0.148

-415.953

0.145

-319.518

0.067

-97.736

0.058

-182.221

0.087

-927.933

0.092

-239.084

0.093

-614.894

0.097

-730.022

0.110

-238.851

0.142

-401.225

McFadden's (1974) LRI

0.256

0.342

0.263

0.117

0.160

0.100

0.153

0.209

0.160

0.150

0.197

0.153

0.139

0.148

0.137

R2p

0.388

0.272

0.166

0.318

0.215

0.186

0.255

0.217

0.184

0.149

0.386

0.041

0.334

0.166

0.156

Sum of PCP

1.429

1.443

1.346

1.344

1.352

1.271

1.333

1.301

1.297

1.287

1.391

1.213

1.386

1.334

1.282

obs.______________________

784.000

________296.000______

437.000________

1229.000

______469.000

722.000_______

_______575.000

_______181.000______

370.000______

______1693.000

434.000______

1200.000______

______1255.000

______423.000________

783.000

m. education

n. health/social

work

o. other communi
activities

ty/social/personal

service

p. household

activities

i                ii               iii

i

ii               iii

i

ii

iii

i

ii               iii

employ

0.076          -0.082           0.133

0.002

-0.147           0.034

-0.015

-0.293 **

0.017

0.260 *

0.245 ***       0.414 ***

0.091           0.171           0.122

0.086

0.191           0.079

0.086

0.124

0.080

0.120

0.063           0.178

unemploy

0.164           0.355 **       -0.047

0.117           0.127           0.103

-0.062

0.090

-0.086          -0.116

0.144           0.061

0.020

0.095

-0.168

0.143

-0.018

0.138

-0.332 *

0.132

-0.682 ***         f(5)

0.102

log pseudolikelihood

-761.198        -209.113        -454.197

-1181.794

-288.439        -737.163

-542.175

-133.208

-314.110

-132.186

-61.373         -20.440

McFadden's (1974) LRI

0.134           0.159           0.159

0.123

0.182           0.133

0.186

0.318

0.212

0.159

0.212           0.535

R2p

0.113           0.280          -0.012

0.102

0.211           0.027

0.250

0.210

0.181

0.200

-0.100           0.260

Sum of PCP

1.246           1.286           1.136

1.233

1.269           1.159

1.345

1.338

1.339

1.217

1.111           1.445

obs.

1493.000_________359.000________1070.000

_______2108.000______

510.000________1501.000

_________988.000______

295.000________

647.000

________227.000

_______125.000__________72.000

i Full sample

ii Those who thought that immigration would reduce wages and salaries on average

iii Those who did not think that immigration would decrease wages and salaries on average

s(n)  n observations predict success perfectly, and the corresponding variable and the n observations are dropped in estimation.

f(n)  n observations predict failure perfectly, and the corresponding variable and the n observations are dropped in estimation.

* 10%   ** 5%   *** 1%

Categories b (fishing) and c (mining, quarrying) are omitted due to the small number of observations.

The three goodness-of-fit measures are described in Verbeek (2004: 194-197). Sum of PCP is the sum of the proportions of correct predictions for anti = 1 and anti = 0.

Sampling weights provided by ESS are applied in maximum likelihood estimation. The adjustment reflects the population size of each country.

Estimated standard errors are based on the assumption that observations are not necessarily independent within each region of a country, but are independent across regions of the country.

14 country dummies are included with UK being the reference. (NB: Belgium is included because isb is not used.)

The full results are available from the author upon request.



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