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Table 6

(a) Probit estimates of marginal effects evaluated at the means of explanatory variables: those who thought that immigration would depress wages on average

	EU	AT	DE	DK	ES	FI	FR	GR	IE	IT	LU	NL	PT	SE	UK
employ	-0.002	-0.172 **	-0.069	0.000	-0.108	0.002	0.086	0.002	0.021	0.058	-0.074	0.083	0.027	0.013	-0.002
	0.038	0.073	0.084	0.149	0.121	0.067	0.144	0.020	0.072	0.121	0.149	0.093	0.042	0.138	0.058
unemploy	0.090 ***	0.018	0.102	0.151	0.137	0.044	0.102	-0.014	0.002	0.147 *	0.026	0.138	-0.117	-0.092	-0.030
	0.030	0.125	0.064	0.166	0.092	0.038	0.084	0.063	0.082	0.081	0.249	0.188	0.094	0.084	0.069
isb	0.004	0.072 *	-0.003	-0.131	0.004	-0.065	0.021	0.011 **	-0.071 *	-0.028	0.237 **	0.008	0.008	-0.022	-0.054
	0.013	0.037	0.024	0.082	0.032	0.042	0.025	0.005	0.038	0.158	0.092	0.051	0.014	0.052	0.051
relinc	-0.005	-0.008	0.008	-0.023	0.030	-0.024	-0.019	0.001	-0.008	-0.072	-0.073	0.014	0.018 **	0.083 *	0.002
	0.009	0.015	0.026	0.060	0.021	0.020	0.016	0.008	0.033	0.050	0.071	0.047	0.009	0.040	0.019
ed0	0.100 *	0.214	t	t	0.154	-0.162	0.039	0.009	0.201	-0.036	0.245	-0.013	0.038	f(2)	f(1)
	0.049	0.109			0.098	0.132	0.109	0.039	0.158	0.153	0.196	0.264	0.104
ed1	0.055 **	0.025	0.126 **	0.303 ***	0.076	0.003	0.027	0.013	0.063	-0.015	0.033	0.049	-0.099 ***	0.155	0.003
	0.026	0.050	0.054	0.059	0.082	0.038	0.062	0.024	0.047	0.114	0.087	0.049	0.019	0.093	0.038
ed3	-0.141 ***	-0.059	-0.052	-0.175 **	0.021	-0.064 ***	-0.237 ***	-0.093 ***	-0.052	-0.114	-0.170	-0.142 *	-0.162 *	-0.083	-0.282 ***
	0.036	0.125	0.052	0.078	0.110	0.017	0.037	0.038	0.088	0.249	0.125	0.088	0.092	0.123	0.070
media	-0.010	0.005	-0.009	0.018	0.035	0.000	-0.018	-0.003	0.010	-0.075	0.020	0.003	-0.011	0.010	-0.021
	0.009	0.039	0.023	0.039	0.032	0.021	0.026	0.012	0.019	0.051	0.021	0.022	0.028	0.026	0.014
friend1	-0.121 ***	-0.001	-0.144 ***	0.047	-0.178 **	-0.132 **	-0.137 ***	-0.032	-0.006	-0.230 **	0.018	-0.056	-0.156 ***	0.033	-0.019
	0.019	0.072	0.027	0.073	0.074	0.062	0.051	0.020	0.058	0.110	0.101	0.073	0.067	0.090	0.048
friend2	-0.143 ***	-0.296 ***	-0.139 ***	-0.299 ***	-0.136	-0.197 **	-0.147 *	-0.064	-0.134 *	-0.317	-0.006	-0.171 *	-0.251 *	0.121	-0.009
	0.033	0.085	0.039	0.097	0.116	0.096	0.081	0.058	0.066	0.155	0.111	0.095	0.134	0.079	0.089
racist	0.088 ***	0.002	0.103 ***	0.107 **	-0.138 ***	-0.013	0.075	-0.001	0.089 **	0.184 **	-0.093	0.198 ***	0.074 **	0.154 ***	0.142 ***
	0.018	0.063	0.035	0.044	0.027	0.022	0.053	0.018	0.037	0.076	0.057	0.054	0.039	0.044	0.036
citizen	0.087	0.341	0.232 ***	-0.284 *	f(5)	0.264 ***	-0.077	0.165 **	-0.052	f(1)	0.247 **	-0.009	0.092	-0.188	0.047
	0.055	0.219	0.066	0.122		0.082	0.105	0.100	0.102		0.110	0.215	0.187	0.285	0.198
ethnic	-0.092 *	0.030	-0.189 **	0.194	-0.113	-0.214	0.004	-0.093 ***	0.190	t	-0.295 *	0.066	s(4)	0.333	-0.086
	0.049	0.090	0.089	0.235	0.120	0.182	0.164	0.028	0.340		0.135	0.106		0.413	0.083
fparent	-0.139 ***	0.137 **	0.026	0.036	0.196 **	-0.058	-0.248 ***	-0.094 ***	0.142	-0.377 *	0.000	-0.058	-0.003	-0.076	-0.244 ***
	0.042	0.053	0.057	0.120	0.074	0.057	0.075	0.040	0.104	0.157	0.099	0.103	0.176	0.094	0.078
female	0.023	0.025	-0.036	-0.087	0.015	-0.019	0.095 **	-0.024	0.003	0.145 *	0.047	0.008	0.054	0.042	0.017
	0.018	0.051	0.031	0.065	0.050	0.036	0.041	0.023	0.042	0.078	0.081	0.059	0.055	0.061	0.045
age	0.001 *	0.002	0.001 **	0.000	0.000	0.005 ***	0.002	0.001 ***	-0.002 *	0.004	-0.001	-0.002 *	0.005 ***	-0.002	0.000
	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.003	0.002	0.001	0.002	0.000	0.001	0.004	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.003	0.001
log pseudolikelihood	-3882.747	-200.353	-483.255	-141.002	-158.387	-382.446	-321.579	-342.365	-338.664	-89.348	-144.803	-218.835	-226.539	-119.628	-335.060
McFadden's (1974) LRI	0.095	0.094	0.051	0.114	0.064	0.068	0.102	0.096	0.031	0.134	0.098	0.062	0.101	0.094	0.118
R²p	0.168	0.061	0.139	0.142	0.189	0.057	0.232	0.000	0.057	0.250	0.080	0.007	-0.007	0.052	0.158
Sum of PCP	1.278	1.173	1.185	1.217	1.251	1.141	1.274	1.049	1.115	1.277	1.174	1.104	1.102	1.101	1.260
obs.	6311.000______	375.000______	735.000______	231.000______	259.000______	656.000______	519.000______	1007.000______	517.000______	149.000______	233.000______	362.000______	423.000______	242.000______	590.000

t All non-missing observations are 0, and the corresponding variable is dropped in estimation.

s(n) n observations predict success perfectly, and the corresponding variable and the n observations are dropped in estimation.
f(n) n observations predict failure perfectly, and the corresponding variable and the n observations are dropped in estimation.

* 10% ** 5% *** 1%

The three goodness-of-fit measures are described in Verbeek

(2004: 194-197).

Sum of PCP is the sum of the proportions of correct predictions for anti

1 and anti = 0.

Sampling weights provided by ESS are applied in maximum likelihood estimation.

For EU, a further weight adjustment is made to reflect the population size of each country.

Estimated standard errors are based on the assumption that observations are not necessarily independent within each region of a country, but are independent across regions of the country.

For EU, 13 country dummies are included with UK being the reference.

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