5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

4.3: Comparison of the perceptions Ofparticipants from each group
4.3.1: Comparison of the perceptions Ofteachers Ofdifferent age groups

Enjoyment

The mean scores of teachers’ perceptions of their pupils attitudes towards learning
mathematics were compared using Independent t-tests. The results detailed in Table
4.3.1 and Figure 4.3.1 below showed that 5^th grade teachers were likely to perceive that
Practical work and Group discussion promoted enjoyment more than 8^,h grade teachers.
There were no significant differences for the other teaching methods. As a series of t-
tests were undertaken a more stringent level of probability (p<. 01) was adopted than
was necessary.

Table 4.3.1: Comparison between teachers Ofdifferent age groups; enjoyment

Figure 4.3.1: Comparison between teachers of different age groups: enjoyment

4.5
4

□ Teachers (5th)
□ T eachers (8th)

3.5

3

2.5

2

1.5
1

0.5

0 .........

I PW I UC I RT I TE I IW I IH ∣ WD ∣ GD ]

PW = Practical work, UC = Using a computer, RT= Reading a textbook, TE = Teacher explanation,

IW = Individual work. IH = Individual helo. WD = Whole-class discussion. GD = Grouo discussion

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