137
The results of independent t-tests outlined in Table 4.3.9 and Figure 4.3.8 show that 5th
graders were more likely to perceive that Practical work, Using a computer, Reading a
textbook, Whole-class discussion and Group discussion promoted sense of security
more than 8th graders.
The results of Independent t-tests detailed in Table 4.3.10 and Figure 4.3.8 show that 8th
graders were more likely to perceive that Individual work and Individual help promoted
sense of security than 5th graders.
Table 4.3.10: Comparison between 5th and 8th graders: a sense Ofsecurity (2)
5lh graders |
8lh graders | ||||||
N |
Mean |
SD |
N |
Mean |
SD | ||
Individual Work________ |
t=-9.058, dt=2982.577, Sig.<.01 I |
1474 |
3.17 |
1.39 |
2141 |
3.58 |
1.27 |
Individual Help___________ |
t=16.577, dt=3611, Sig. <.01 |
T473I |
~^275 |
~L37 |
2140 |
TTi |
-L33 |
Figure 4.3.8: Comparison between 5th and 8th graders: a sense Ofsecurity

□ 5th graders
D 8th graders
PW = Practical work, UC = Using a ∞mputer, RT= Reading a textbook, TE = Teacher explanation,
IW = Individual work, IH = Individual help. WD = Whole-class discussion. GD = Group discussion
A sense Ofprogress
The results of Independent t-tests detailed in Table 4.3.11 and Figure 4.3.9 show that 5th
graders were likely to perceive that Practical work, Using a computer, Reading a
textbook, Whole-class discussion and Group discussion promoted a sense of progress
more than 8th graders.
137
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