5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan



139

textbook, Whole-class discussion and Group discussion were deployed more frequently
than 8th graders perceived.

Table 4.3.13: Comparison between 5th and 8th graders: deployment (1)

5lh graders

8lh graders__

N

Mean

SD

N

Mean

SD

Practical

Work_______

t=36.409, dt=2356.045, Sig. <.01

1476

2.41

.92

2142

1.42

.61

Using
Computer

t=7.543, df=2783.661, Sig. <.01

І473

Из

∏0

-2143

∏4

∏7

Reading
Textbooks

t=10.558, df= 3464.609, Sig. <.01

І473

І4Ї

-97

2136

1.15

Whole-class
Discussion

t=39.511, df=2803.447, Sig. <.01

1459

^126

По

2128

∏6

∏4

Group
Discussion

t=29.930, df=2772.860, Sig. <.01

1463

І4І

.92

2124

Из

∏7

The results of Independent t-tests outlined in Table 4.3.14 and Figure 4.3.10 show that
8th graders were more likely to perceive that their teachers deployed
Teacher
explanation, Individual work
and Individual help than 5th graders. There were significant
differences between 5th and 8th graders in the perceptions of deployment of all teaching
methods.

Table 4.3.14: Comparison between 5th and 8th graders: deployment (2)

5lh graders______

8 graders________________________

N_______

Mean

SD

N

Mean

SD

Teacher
explanation

t= 11.108, df=3077.741, Sig. <.01

1467

3.61

1.05

2134

4.00

1.01

Individual

work_____

t= 10.767, df=2933.929, Sig. <.01

1467

І48

loo і

2134

∏4

∏0

Individual
help______

t= 7.485, df=3272.932, Sig. <.01

1472

2.84

Из

2134

IiO

Из

Figure 4.3.10: Comparison between 5th and 8th graders: deployment

PW = Practical work, UC = Using a ∞mputer, RT= Reading a textbook, TE = Teacher explanation,
IW = Individual work, IH = Individual help, WD = Whole-class discussion, GD = Group discussion



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