5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

248

Overall, pupils, who felt happy with teachers’ praise in mathematics classes, felt so,
irrespective of the reasons for the praise (see Table 7.4.4).

There may be a relationship between pupils reporting feeling happy with their teachers’
results-based praise and their teachers actually adopting results-based praise in
mathematics classes. For instance, 5^th graders, who felt happy with teacher’s praise
based on better results than others, were likely to perceive that their teachers gave this
kind of praise (N=1453, r=. 323, p=. 000). 5^th graders, who felt happy with the teacher’s
praise based on better results than before, were likely to perceive that their teachers
gave this kind of praise (N=1455, r=. 384, p=. 000). Young pupils may appreciate being
praised based on their results when the praise relates to what they perceive to be the
teacher’s values. 8^th graders were happy with receiving teachers’ praise irrespective of
the reasons for it or their perceptions of the teachers’ values.

Pupils’ perceptions of teachers’ praise and their perceptions Ofteaching methods

Table 7.4.5: Division of pupils perceiving their teachers using particular teaching
methods with higher frequency and pupils perceiving their teachers using the kind of

praise with lower frequency

	5^th graders____________________________		8^th graders____________________________
	Lower Frequency	Higher Frequency	Lower Frequency______	Higher Frequency______
Better results than others	M=2.24, SD=1.19, Median=2.00		M=2.53,SD=1.28,Median=3.00
	59%_________	41%	48.3%_________	51.7%_________
Improvement results than before_____________________	M=2.49,SD=1.29,	Vledian=2.00	M=2.78, SD=1.33,	Vledian=3.00
	50.4%__________	49.6%_________	40.4%_________	59.6%_________
More effort than others	M=2.81,SD=1.36,Median=3.00		M=2.61,SD=1-27,Median=3.00
	40.3%	59.7%_________	46.3%_________	53.7%_________
More effort than before	M=2.93,SD=1.40,Median=3.00		M=2.75,SD=1.32,Median=3.00
	38.2%__________	61.8%	41.5%	58.5%_________

59% of 5^th graders and 48.3% of 8^th graders perceived that their teachers never or hardly
ever praised them because they achieved better results than others. 50.4% of 5^thgraders and 40.4% of 8^th graders perceived that their teachers never or hardly ever
praised them because they had improved their results from before. 40.3% of 5^th graders
and 46.3% of 8^th graders perceived that their teachers never or hardly ever praised them
because they made more effort than others. 38.2% of 5^th graders and 41.5% of 8^th

248

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