5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

Enjoyment____________

Motivation_______________

Sense of security

Sense of progress

Deployment

N

M

SD

N____

M___

SD

N___

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

PW

H

970

3.44

1.29

970

3.43

1.29

966

3.36

1.25

966

3.60

1.26

967

2.50

.90

_L__

491

3.00

1.36

491

2.95

1.36

489

2.84

1.33

490

2.98

1.32

491

2.25

.92

T=6.116, df=1459,

P<.01__________________

t=6.655, df=1459,
p<.01__________________

t=7.327, df=1453,
p<.01__

t=8.725, df=1454,
p<.01

t=4.946, df=1456,
p<.01

UC

H

968

3.34

1.55

968

3.40

1.46

966

3.12

1.44

965

3.17

1.34

965

1.56

.79

J.___

490

3.24

1.60

490

3.19

1.55

488

3.00

1.51

487

2.97

1.43

490

1.49

.81

t=1.165, df=1456,

p>.05 ______ _____

t=2.417,
df=934.127, p<.05

t=1.558, df=1452,
p>.05

t=2.662, df=1450,
p<.01

t=1.480, df=1453,
p>.05

RT

H

968

2.96

1.17

968

2.90

1.27

965

3.12

1.32

967

3.56

1.29

964

3.49

.96

_L__

489

2.60

1.16

490

2.51

1.25

488

2.67

1.27

488

3.17

1.40

491

3.27

.97

t=5.624,
df=982.078, p<.01

t=5.518, df=1456,
p<.01______

t=6.226, df=1451,
p<.01

t=5.188,
df=908∙992, p<,01

t=4.052, df=1453,
p<.01

TE

H

969

3.55

1.17

970

3.46

1.22

966

3.51

1.22

968

3.98

1.12

962

3.71

1.01

_L___

491

3.19

1.30

491

2.99

1.30

489

3.10

1.32

490

3.49

1.30

487

3.43

1.10

t=5.171,
df=899.331, p<.01

t=6.872, df=1459,
p<.01__

t=5.797, df=1453,

p<.01__

t=7.159,
df=861.376, p<.01______

t=4.683,
df=906.651, p<.01

IW

H

970

2.99

1.31

970

3.13

1.40

967

3.29

1.35

968

3.56

1.30

959

3.55

.96

_L__

491

2.78

1.33

491

2.82

1.38

489

2.94

1.42

490

3.26

1.40

490

3.37

1.06

t=2.773, df=1459, p<.01

t=4.016, df=1459,
p<.01_____

t=4.614, df=1454,

∣p<.01____

t=3.971,
df=918.629, p<.01______

t=3.057,
df=909.174, p<.01

IH

H

963

2.55

1.25

968

2.76

1.35

966

2.90

1.36

968

3.39

1.34

964

2.90

1.02

_L___

491

2.23

1.18

491

2.32

1.29

489

2.47

1.34

490

2.86

1.41

490

2.71

1.05

t=4.821,
df=1035.896_lp<.01

t=5.984, df=1457,
p<.01

t=5.652, df=1453,
p<.01

t=7.035, df=1456,

p<.01__

t=3.262, df=1452,
p<.01__________________

WD

~hΓ~

970

3.29

1.20

970

3.31

1.21

967

3.28

1.24

968

3.48

1.25

955

3.36

1.07

_L__

491

2.92

1.18

491

2.80

1.25

489

2.80

1.23

490

3.05

1.29

487

3.05

1.13

t=5.597, df=1459,
p<.01

t=7.550, df=1459,
p<.01

t=6.965, df=1454,
p<.01___

t=6.175, df=1456,
p<.01__________________

t=5.169, df=1440,
p<.01__________________

GD

^H~~

970

3.26

1.20

970

3.31

1.20

967

3.28

1.18

966

3.40

1.20

958

2.49

.92

-L__

491

2.86

1.23

491

2.74

1.23

489

∣2.79

1.25

490

2.91

1.23

487

2.25

.90

t=6.018, df=1459,
p<.01__________________

t=8.415, df=1459,
p<.01__________________

t=7.247, df=1454,
p<.01__________________

t=7.364, df=1454,
p<.01__________________

t=4.782,
df=1000.471, p<,01