5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

Enjoyment____________

Motivation_______________

Sense of security______

Sense of progress

Deployment

N

M___

SD

N___

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

N

M___

SD

PW

H

1401

2.98

1.35

1396

2.83

1.27

1394

2.69

1.18

1394

2.92

1.23

1392

1.45

.62

J.___

704

2.50

1.34

703

2.32

1.26

698

2.21

1.17

699

2.42

1.24

700

1.36

.58

T=7.743,
Df=1413.936, p<.01

t=8.652, df=2097,
p<.01__________________

t=8.902, df=2090,
p<.01__________________

t=8.837,

df=1389.071, p<.01

t=3.375,
df=1496.149, p<.01_____

UC

H

1400

3.21

1.48

1394

3.07^η

1.34~

1391

2.75

1.26

1391

2.71

1.20

1394

1.38

.70

J.__

704

2.72

1.55

703

2.56

1.43

698

2.32

1.26

697

2.29

1.20

699

1.28

.62

t=6.950, df=1349.435, p<

t=7.779, df=1337.468, p<

t=7.389, df=2087, p<.01

t=7.539, df=2086, p<.01

t=3.380,
df=1548.537, p<.01

RT

H

1400

2.67

1.17

1391

2.53

1.17

1394

2.92

1.23

1393

3.26

1.23

1386

3.14

1.14

J-__

703

2.50

1.20

701

2.28

1.15

698

2.52

1.22

698

2.93

1.28

698

2.82

1.15

t=3.135, df=2101,
p<.01____________

t=4.713, df=2090,

p<.01______

t=6.978,
df=1409.812, p<.01

t=5.714, df=2089,
p<.01

t=6.001, df=2082,
p<.01

TE

H

1401

3.48

1.19

1396

3.35

1.19

1394

3.59

1.18

1394

3.96

1.04

1383

4.09

.97

j_ς__

704

3.13

1.31

702

2.87

1.23

698

3.14

1.27

698

3.56

1.18

700

3.81

1.09

t=5.976, df=1295.641,

p<.01____________

t=8.529, df=2096, p<.01

t=7.858, df=2090, p<.01

t=7.593,
df=1245.392, p<.01

t=5.859,
df=1266.807, p<.01_____

IW

H

1401

3.28

1.26

1396

3.41

1.28

1394

3.67

1.23

1394

3.86

1.14

1386

3.88

.87

J-__

704

3.15

1.27

702

3.17

1.30

698

3.40

1.32

699

3.65

1.19

697

3.75

.96

t=2.268, df=2103, p<.05

t=4.085, df=2096, p<.01

t=4.503,
df=1311.240, p<,01

t=3.820,
df=1345.570, p<.01

t=3.084,
df=1277.627, p<.01

IH

~H~

1401

3.11

1.30

1396

3.44

1.31

1394

3.69

1.27

1393

4.18

1.05

1385

3.22

1.07

J-__

704

2.68

1.31

703

2.88

1.36

697

3.17

1.39

699

3.74

1.26

699

2.87

1.10

t=7.007, df=2103,
p<.01__

t=9.139, df=2097,
p<.01__

t=8.260,
df=1289.040, p<.01

t=7.821,
df=1193.733, p<.01

t=6.879, df=2082,
p<.01__________________

WD

H

1401

2.70

1.20

1396

2.64

1.18

1393

2.57

1.12

1394

2.67

1.14

1381

1.93

.94

J-__

704

2.25

1.20

703

2.15

1.12

698

2.11

1.11

699

2.24

1.14

697

1.74

.92

t=8.209, df=2103,
p<.01

t=9.171, df=2097, p<.01

t=8.845, df=2089,
p<.01

t=8.141, df=2091,

p<.01       ______

f=4.414, df=2076, p<.01

GD

ɪɪ

1401

2.88

1.29

1395

2.83

1.26

1391

2.75

1.20

1393

2.75

1.17

1383

1.57

.78

J-__

704

2.48

1.30

703

2.39

1.25

698

2.24

1.14

699

2.37

1.19

690

1.47

.76

t=6.556,
df=1397.834, p<.01

t=7.483, df=2096,
p<.01__________________

t=9.279, df=2087, p<.01

t=7.034,
df=1380.090, p<.01

t=2.610, df=2071,
p<.01__________________