Table A.62 Past and present ad valorem equivalents of nontariff barriers in Singapore (percent)
|
NTB AVE |
Assumed | ||||
|
GTAP |
GTAP |
Tariff lines |
NTB AVE past |
present |
change from |
|
code |
sector |
(HS6 level) |
(circa 1990) |
(circa 2000) |
1990 to 2000 |
|
1 Paddy rice |
2 |
194.0 |
94.9 |
-0.51 | |
|
2 |
Wheat |
2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
3 |
Cereal grains, other |
6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
4 |
Vegetables, fruit, nuts |
78 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
5 |
Oil seeds |
11 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
6 |
Sugar cane, sugar beet |
2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
7 |
Plant-based fibers |
7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
8 |
Crops, other |
57 |
3.5 |
1.7 |
-0.51 |
|
9 |
Bovine cattle, sheep and goats, horses |
8 |
83.3 |
40.7 |
-0.51 |
|
10 |
Animal products, other |
39 |
22.4 |
11.0 |
-0.51 |
|
12 |
Wool, silkworm cocoons |
4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
13 |
Forestry |
21 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
14 |
Fishing |
39 |
54.9 |
26.8 |
-0.51 |
|
15 |
Coal |
6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
16 |
Oil |
1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
17 |
Gas |
2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
18 |
Minerals, other |
70 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
19 |
Bovine meat products |
26 |
71.6 |
35.0 |
-0.51 |
|
20 |
Meat products, other |
25 |
25.2 |
12.3 |
-0.51 |
|
21 |
Vegetable oils and fats |
42 |
3.9 |
1.9 |
-0.51 |
|
22 |
Dairy products |
18 |
152.1 |
74.4 |
-0.51 |
|
23 |
Processed rice |
2 |
173.8 |
85.0 |
-0.51 |
|
24 |
Sugar containing products |
7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
25 |
Food products, other |
233 |
11.5 |
5.6 |
-0.51 |
|
26 |
Beverages and tobacco products |
26 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
27 |
Textiles |
540 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
28 |
Wearing apparel |
233 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
29 |
Leather products |
59 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
30 |
Wood products |
73 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
31 |
Paper products |
134 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
32 |
Petroleum, coal products |
12 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
33 |
Chemical, rubber, plastic products |
870 |
2.3 |
1.1 |
-0.51 |
|
34 |
Mineral products, other |
140 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
35 |
Ferrous metals |
142 |
44.3 |
21.7 |
-0.51 |
|
36 |
Metals, other |
166 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.51 |
|
37 |
Metal products |
204 |
5.5 |
2.7 |
-0.51 |
|
38 |
Motor vehicles and parts |
54 |
8.2 |
4.0 |
-0.51 |
|
39 |
Transport equipment, other |
81 |
29.6 |
14.5 |
-0.51 |
|
40 |
Electronic equipment |
95 |
4.2 |
2.1 |
-0.51 |
|
41 |
Machinery and equipment, other |
824 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
-0.51 |
|
42 |
Manufactures, other |
170 |
1.4 |
0.7 |
-0.51 |
|
Simple average |
21.8 |
10.7 | |||
Note: No Singapore NTB data is available in Kee et al. (2005). Estimated AVE of Hong Kong NTBs are used as a proxy.
Sources: Kee, Nicita, and Olarreaga (2005); Linkins and Arce (1994); USITC (2004); Shuguang, Yansheng, and Zhongxin (1998); Sazanami, Urata, and Kawai
(1995); Messerlin (2001); authors' calculations.
110