Chapter 4
wettability of kaolinite from water-wet to more oil-wet. Kaolinite is partially
positively charged. The positively-charged sites can adsorb anionic naphthenate
and become oil-wet.

Figure 4.3 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite in toluene-brine mixture with 1.0 %
kaolinite
The third bar is water-wet fraction (30%) in the sample with 100 ppm sodium
naphthenate adding 0.6 mM NaOH at pH 9.0. Compared with the second bar,
water-wet fraction increases. Adding NaOH can convert some of the positively-
charged sites to negatively-charged sites. This can reduce the adsorption of
naphthenate on kaolinite surface and make kaolinite more water-wet.
The last bar is water-wet fraction (38%) in the sample with 100 ppm sodium
93
More intriguing information
1. Should Local Public Employment Services be Merged with the Local Social Benefit Administrations?2. The name is absent
3. The name is absent
4. TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF RESEARCH ON WOMEN FARMERS IN AFRICA: LESSONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS; WITH AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
5. The Employment Impact of Differences in Dmand and Production
6. The name is absent
7. The name is absent
8. The name is absent
9. The name is absent
10. Towards a Mirror System for the Development of Socially-Mediated Skills