The name is absent



Chapter 4

significant at higher pH and kaolinite is more water-wet. At the same pH, adding

silicate can make kaolinite more water-wet than adding NaOH. NaOH only has

caustic effect to increase pH. For silicate, besides caustic effect, adsorption of
silicate ion on kaolinite positively-charged sites can make the surface of kaolinite

more negatively-charged and make kaolinite become more water-wet.

100


Wettability test

80

60

40

20

Control 24 ppm NaOH 37 ppm silicate 200 ppm NaOH 366 ppm silicate

Figure 4.4 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with different amount of naphthenate
adding NaOH/ Na2SiO3 at different pH


Figure 4.5 shows water-wet fraction of 1.0 w.% kaolinite in toluene-brine
mixture (1:1, v∕v) with 100 ppm naphthenate adding NaOH/ Na2SiO3 at different
pH 24 hours after preparation. Kaolinite becomes more water-wet as pH

95



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