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Chapter 4

4.2.4. Effect of surfactant containing cationic groups

Cationic surfactants are used to change carbonate wettability via the
mechanism forming ion pairs with carboxylates l8l't1°l. The authors proposed that
carbonate surface can adsorb negatively-charged carboxylates and become
oil-wet. Cationic surfactants can form ion pairs with carboxylates in aqueous
solution and thereby displace carboxylates from carbonate surface to make
carbonate more water-wet.

Table 4.2 Betaine samples used in wettability test

Product No.

Chemical name and Formula

Activity

3

Capryizcapramidopropyl Betaine

C H /C H -CO-NH-(CH ) -N+(CH ) -CH -COO

33% - 38%

4

CoCo-Betaine

C10H0c -N+(CHo)o-CHo-COO'

31%

5

Cocamidoprotyl Betaine in Isopropanol and Water
C1 Hoo-Co-NH-(CHo)o-N+(CHo)o-CHo-COO'

43%

10

Octyl Betaine

C H -N+(CHo)o-CHo-COO'

50%

13

Caprylamidopropyl Betaine

C H -CO-NH-(CHo)o-N+(CH )o-CH -Cθθ'

8 17            `    2,3    '    3'2     2

30%

Similar method can be used to change the wettability of kaolinite. Cationic
surfactants can form ion pairs with anionic naphthenate and displace naphthenate

97



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