The name is absent



!⅞g⅞⅞as¾s⅞yj

Force

Figure 1.8: Schematic of a typical AFM force-distance curve showing both approach and
retract curves. Image taken from Reference [16].

Force curves are used to characterize adhesion, chemical bond strength, electrostatic
double layer forces and many other physical phenomena. More specific to this thesis,
AFM force curves are used to characterize lipid membrane electrostatics.

1.5 Membrane electrostatics with AFM

Biomembranes are complex structures composed of many components. In addition to
containing many different types of lipids, they also contain a number of other molecules
such as membranes proteins. In order to make the study of membrane function tractable,
model systems composed of a few lipids are typically used. For AFM studies of
membrane electrostatics, supported lipid bilayers are used as model systems.

These are formed over smooth flat substrates such as glass or mica and are ideal for AFM
studies. A number of methods for forming these supported bilayers exist. Of them, the



More intriguing information

1. Naïve Bayes vs. Decision Trees vs. Neural Networks in the Classification of Training Web Pages
2. ENERGY-RELATED INPUT DEMAND BY CROP PRODUCERS
3. The Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence (El) in the Workplace.
4. Investment in Next Generation Networks and the Role of Regulation: A Real Option Approach
5. Delivering job search services in rural labour markets: the role of ICT
6. Unemployment in an Interdependent World
7. Outsourcing, Complementary Innovations and Growth
8. Foreign Direct Investment and the Single Market
9. Who is missing from higher education?
10. The name is absent
11. A Note on Productivity Change in European Co-operative Banks: The Luenberger Indicator Approach
12. A Study of Prospective Ophthalmology Residents’ Career Perceptions
13. On the origin of the cumulative semantic inhibition effect
14. AGRICULTURAL TRADE IN THE URUGUAY ROUND: INTO FINAL BATTLE
15. Stable Distributions
16. Accurate, fast and stable denoising source separation algorithms
17. Life is an Adventure! An agent-based reconciliation of narrative and scientific worldviews
18. The name is absent
19. The name is absent
20. The name is absent