TO SURVIVE DE GAULLE
45
persons 15-35 years of age (28%) greatly outnumbered persons over 65 (17%), and
workers (21%) and civil servants (21%) far outnumbered businessmen (12%) and
liberal professional men (2%). (Unpublished UNR staff study. Union de la Gironde,
Bordeaux, 1965.)
85. In cities of over 30,000. 684 UNR municipal councillors were elected (19
more than in 1959) out of a total of 5,524. In small cities and towns, where many
candidates run without party label, the UNR share was considerably smaller. (LM,
March 24, 1965, quoting official Ministry of Interior figures.)
86. The weakness of French party identification is demonstrated in Philip E. Con-
verse and Georges Dupeux, “Politicization of the Electorate in France and the United
States.” Public Opinion Quarterly, XXVI. No. 1 (Spring, 1962), 1-23. In a SOFRES
survey conducted in early 1966. 42 percent of those respondents who declared they
would vote for a UNR candidate in the next election were classified as “marais,” that
is. having a low level of political interest. See Emeric Deutsch. Denis Lindon, and
Pierre Weill. Les Familles Politiques (Paris, 1966). pp. 120-121. See also Angus
Campbell. “A Ia recherche d’un modèle en psychologie électorale comparative,”
Revue française de Sociologie, VII (Numéro spécial 1966), 596.
87. "La vie politique de mai 1961 à septembre 1963,” Sondages. No. 2 (1963), 59.
88. Deutsch. Lindon, and Weill, op. cit.. pp. 46-53.
89. Alain Duhamel. “Le sondage de 1T.F.O.P.,” LM. June 28, 1968; and “Les
Elections législatives de mars 1967.” Sondages. No. 3 (1967).
90. The formation and early history of the UNR are described by Chariot,
L'V.N.R., Chapter I, and by Jacques Fauvet, “La Stratégie des formations politiques
d'avril à novembre 1958,” Elections 1958, pp. 15-19. See also AP 1958, pp. 129-150.
91. From the motion as quoted in Elections 1958, p. 18.
92. In an article by that title in the Journal de Parlement, summarized in AP
1959, p. 74.
93. Chariot. L,U.N.R., pp. 58-59.
94. Ibid., pp. 106-107. The pledge was as follows: "Elected Deputy of the UNR
I confirm in a solemn manner my adherence to the Union for the New Republic and
to its parliamentary group. Respectful of the mandate which was given me by the
electors, I will abstain during the period of the legislature from participating in or
becoming a member of any other group. I take the following engagement: to remain
faithful to the objectives of the UNR. to support in Parliament and in my electoral
district the action of General de Gaulle, to accept the discipline of voting as decided
by the majority of the group for the important questions relating to the life of the
nation and of the French community, in order to maintain the cohesion of our group
and the general spirit of our movement.” As quoted in Roy Macridis and Bernard
Brown, The De Gaulle Republic (Homewood, Ill., 1960), p. 293n.
95. Thomazo, Delbecque, Brice, Arrighi, Souchal, Grasset, Cathala, Biaggi, and
Battesti. AP 1959, pp. 119-121.
96. See reports in LM, November 14-21, 1959, and AP 1959, pp. 124, 133-135.
97. Premières Assises Nationales. Bordeaux, November 13-15, 1959, “UNR, Réso-
lutions adoptées par les Assises" (Paris: printed by the UNR, 1959), p. 8.
98. Denis, from the Nord, and Laffin, from ΓYvonne.
99. Charles Béraudier (Soustelle’s replacement as deputy from the Rhone), Jean
Mériot (Rhône), René Moatti (Seine), and Pierre Picard (Seine-et-Oise).
100. P. M. de La Gorce, “L’U.N.R., qui êtes-vous?” L'Express, April 28, 1960,
p. 12; and LM, May 4, I960. Jean VaJleix, UNR Departmental Secretary in Gironde,