Table 3: Economie institutions vs. educational outcomes in OECD-country long-run growth models
|
_______________OECD sample_________________ |
__________Full country sample__________ | ||||
|
(ɪ) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) | |
|
Cognitive skills |
1.527 |
1.388 |
1.265 |
1.266 | |
|
(3.39) |
(3.05) |
(4-76) |
(4.96) | ||
|
Initial years of schooling |
0.135 |
0.058 |
0.067 |
0.067 |
0.047 |
|
(2.77J |
(7. W) |
(7.73) |
(1.02) |
(77.74) | |
|
Initial GDP per capita |
-0.381 |
-0.328 |
-0.322 |
-0.373 |
-0.304 |
|
(7.83) |
(7.75) |
(7.64) |
(8.10) |
(5.65) | |
|
Protection against expropriation |
0.729 |
0.224 |
0.081 |
0.332 |
0.492 |
|
(3.95) |
(1.06) |
(0.36) |
(2.36) |
(3.25) | |
|
Openness |
0.750 |
0.485 |
0.645 | ||
|
(7.56) |
(1-34) |
(1.83) | |||
|
OECD |
2.589 | ||||
|
(1.26) | |||||
|
OECD x Protection against expropriation |
-0.372 | ||||
|
(1.34) | |||||
|
No. of countries |
24 |
24 |
23 |
48 |
48 |
|
F (Protection and Openness) |
1.77 |
6.17 | |||
|
F (OECD and interaction) |
2.76 | ||||
|
R2 HJ.)____________________________ |
0.740 |
0.830 |
0.841 |
0.789 |
0.806 |
Notes'. Dependent variable: average annual growth rate in GDP per capita, 1960-2000. Regressions include a constant, /-statistics in parentheses.
Source: Authors’ calculations based on data in Heston, Summers, and Aten (2002), Barro and Lee (2010), Hanushek and Woessmann (2009), Acemoglu, Johnson, and
Robinson (2001), and an updated version of Sachs and Warner (1995).
Table 4: Regulation of product and labor markets vs. educational outcomes in OECD-country long-run growth models
Product market regulation (PMR) Employment protection regulation (EPR)
|
Product |
Admini- |
Domestic |
State (4) |
Barriers to |
Barriers to |
EP (J) |
EP (8) |
Dismissal |
Regulation Regulation | ||
|
temporary (ɪθ) |
collective | ||||||||||
|
Cognitive skills |
1.843 |
1.897 |
1.840 |
1.843 |
1.859 |
1.864 |
1.827 |
1.788 |
1.899 |
1.788 |
1.913 |
|
(3.67) |
(5.92) |
(3.60) |
(3.66) |
(3.75) |
(3.67) |
(3.41) |
(3.06) |
(3.39) |
(3.00) |
(5.95) | |
|
Initial years of schooling |
0.026 |
0.015 |
0.036 |
0.033 |
0.025 |
0.047 |
0.027 |
0.025 |
0.034 |
0.036 |
0.071 |
|
(9.47) |
(0.23) |
(0.60) |
(9.55) |
(0.40) |
(9.75) |
(9.47) |
(0.37) |
(0.48) |
(0.58) |
(1.21) | |
|
Initial GDP per capita |
-0.309 |
-0.310 |
-0.309 |
-0.311 |
-0.308 |
-0.303 |
-0.310 |
-0.307 |
-0.308 |
-0.307 |
-0.324 |
|
(8.43) |
(8.69) |
(8.27) |
(8.30) |
(8.52) |
(8.36) |
(8.09) |
(9.25) |
(7.89) |
(8.22) |
(8.52) | |
|
Product market |
-0.157 |
-0.178 |
-0.080 |
-0.084 |
-0.157 |
0.004 | |||||
|
regulation |
(0.68) |
(I-06) |
(9.55) |
(0.67) |
(0.76) |
(0.02) | |||||
|
Employment protection |
-0.081 |
-0.109 |
-0.051 |
-0.047 |
0.139 | ||||||
|
legislation |
(0.62) |
(0.63) |
(0.34) |
(0.38) |
(1.42) | ||||||
|
No. of countries |
24 |
24 |
24 |
24 |
24 |
24 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
|
R2 (adj.)__________________ |
0.824 |
0.829 |
0.822 |
0.824 |
0.825 |
0.819 |
0.822 |
0.822 |
0.819 |
0.821 |
0.836 |
Notes: Dependent variable: average annual growth rate in GDP per capita, 1960-2000. Sample: OECD countries. Regressions include a constant, /-statistics in
parentheses.
Source: Authors’ calculations based on data in Heston, Summers, and Aten (2002), Hanushek and Woessmann (2009), Barro and Lee (2010), Venn (2009), and Wolfl,
Wanner, Kozluk, and Nicoletti (2009).