Figure 1: Asymmetric contamination: non-centraiity parameter
Note: right panel uses 104 as measurement unit on vertical axis
Figure 2: Symmetric contamination: non-centraiity parameter
Note: right panel uses 104 as measurement unit on vertical axis
We see in both figures that the non-centrality parameter corresponding to
the ML estimator is uniformly smaller than those corresponding to the other
estimators, as shown. The non-centrality parameter associated with the
MAD estimator is discontinuous at x = Φ-1(3/4) = 0.6745, where also ρc(■ )
is discontinuous. Figure 3 gives the power curves of 5%-level IM tests with
level e contamination at x = 10, a clear outlier relative to the N (0, 1) distri-
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