The name is absent



Table A.71

Ad valorem equivalents (AVE) of transportation costs on US imports from
the European Uniona
(AVEs in percent, imports in millions of US dollars)

GTAP
code

GTAP
sector

Circa

1980 AVE

1980
imports

Circa

2003 AVE

2003
imports

1

Paddy rice

11.4UK

0

13.0UK

1

2

Wheat

32.9UK84

0

19.5

6

3

Cereal grains nec

11.8

0

26.7

7

4

Vegetables, fruit, nuts

12.7

1

5.4

2

5

Oil seeds

9.5

0

6.3

0

6

Sugar cane, sugar beet

6.0

42

5.18

0

7

Plant-based fibers

30.4

0

19.1

0

8

Crops nec

5.8

81

5.1

141

9

Bovine cattle, sheep and goats

11.9

24

4.4

68

10

Animal products nec

4.3

23

5.3

6

12

Wool, silkworm cocoons

4.0

3

4.5

1

13

Forestry

9.3

2

6.5

11

14

Fishing

4.3

11

20.1

49

15

Coal

40.0

0

19.4G97

0

16

Oil

39.8

1,922

5.7

1,982

17

Gas

19.2

0

7.7

318

18

Minerals nec

7.3

227

17.8

88

19

Bovine meat products

26.7

0

2.4

7

20

Meat products nec

7.3

3

3.5

12

21

Vegetable oils and fats

6.6

4

3.9

14

22

Dairy products

7.3

29

4.2

100

23

Processed rice

10.7UK

0

8.3UK

0

24

Sugar containing products

20.4

0

17.3

0

25

Food products nec

7.9

97

6.7

558

26

Beverages and tobacco products

12.2

665

8.0

1,185

27

Textiles

6.0

235

5.3

916

28

Wearing apparel

3.9

97

3.5

164

29

Leather products

4.4

74

3.5

225

30

Wood products

12.3

91

8.4

856

31

Paper products, publishing

7.2

280

6.7

1,341

32

Petroleum, coal products

7.7

78

8.2

706

33

Chemical, rubber, plastic products

5.3

2,243

2.2

19,806

34

Mineral products nec

7.7

373

5.5

1,054

35

Ferrous metals

11.2

688

7.8

1,009

36

Metals nec

2.9

904

2.5

1,606

37

Metal products

5.8

448

4.0

1,872

38

Motor vehicles and parts

3.5

5,069

1.5

29,809

39

Transport equipment nec

1.9

1,114

0.7

5,152

40

Electronic equipment

2.5

777

1.4

4,356

41

Machinery and equipment nec

3.5

4,818

2.5

24,147

42

Manufactures nec

2.9

655

1.7

2,245

Weighted average of AVEs

4.2

2.4

Total imports

21,077

99,820

a. European Union rates are the simple average of rates for Germany and the United Kingdom.

UK = United Kingdom rate only, UK84 = United Kingdom 1984 rate, 8 = crops not elsewhere classified (nec) rate, G97 = Germany 1997
rate

Notes: Ad valorem equivalents of transport costs are taken as the sum of transport charges divided by import values at the 5 digit SITC
revision 2 level under each GTAP code. Uncoded circa 1980 AVEs are the simple average of available AVE estimates from 1979, 1980, and
1981; likewise for the circa 2003 AVEs with available 2002, 2003, and 2004 estimates. A concordance between SITC revision 2 and GTAP
is derived from CEPII (2007). For duplicate SITC codes in the CEPII mapping the mode GTAP sector was used. Weighted averages are
weighted by shares of 1980 or 2003 imports; rates used to fill in missing data are not considered.

Source: Hummels (2007); authors' calculations.



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