Table 4 Changes in US and US partner applied tariffs, bound tariffs, preferential tariffs, nontariff
barriers, and transportation costs
|
Subject |
Rate in 1980 (percent) |
Rate in 1990 (percent) |
Rate in 2004 (percent) |
Percentage |
|
US MFN applied tariffs |
ND |
5.7 |
3.8 |
-2.0 |
|
US partner MFN applied tariffs |
ND |
10.3 |
7.4 |
-2.9 |
|
AVE of US import transportation costs |
4.3 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
-1.1 |
|
AVE of US export transportation costs |
4.3 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
-1.1 |
|
US bound rates (Tokyo to Uruguay) |
6.0 |
6.0 |
4.1 |
-2.0 |
|
US partner bound rates (Tokyo to Uruguay) |
17.9 |
17.9 |
13.5 |
-4.4 |
|
AVE of US nontariff barriers |
ND |
15.4 |
7.5 |
-7.9 |
|
AVE of partner nontariff barriers |
ND |
20.5 |
10.3 |
-10.2 |
|
US actual tariffs (including preferential) |
ND |
5.3 |
2.5 |
-2.8 |
|
US partner actual tariffs (including |
ND |
9.4 |
3.9 |
-5.4 |
ND = no data available; AVE = ad valorem equivalent
Note: To derive "past" US nontariff barrier rates, a 51.1 percent increase from "present" rates is used as a discounting factor.
Sources: UN Comtrade Database via WITS (2008); TRAINS Database via WITS (2008); Hummels (2007); WTO (2008); Kee, Nicita, and
Olarreaga (2005); authors' calculations.
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