The name is absent

¹ - ^φemul ^exP∈Λ-) "(I" ^φ_emu_l ) 6XP(-Γ^l)
l∖,emul                              ^L∖,oil

In Figure 3.17, the red dash-dotted line is the calculated amplitude value of
emulsified water from calibration. This the lower bound of the amplitude for the
system. Similarly, the pure oil amplitude is the upper bound of the amplitude for
the system. Values below or above these bounds can be considered as fully
saturated water or clean oil, respectively.

The parameters A~, 7^-₁,_water. 7"ι.₀i∣, and 7^ι,_emu∣ are known from calibration. T↑
values, emulsion data for A_e∏ιu∣. and Eq. [3.34] can be used to calculate the water
fraction. Eq. [3.34] can be simplified as follows:

4≡∕ (ɪ) = Λ [1 - φ₀u (ɪ) exp(⅛ - φ_emul (ɪ) exp(-⅛

l,of∕                      l,emul                                  [3.38]

‰(*) + ‰_m∕(^z) = 1

4≡∕ (ɪ) = Λ [1 - K_ater (ɪ) e^p(zɪ-) - ‰_m∕ (z) exp(-⅛
!,water                      !,emu/                             [З.ЗУ]

In Eq. [3.38] and Eq. [3.39], A_emu∣, A-, t_w and T↑ values are known.
Component fractions φ can be calculated from the equation.

As indicated previously, the samples without PR₅ contain only oil and
emulsified water drops. Eq. [3.38] can be used to calculate water fraction. In the
samples with PR₅, emulsified water coexists with clean oil at the top. Eq. [3.38]

73

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