Table 3 Labour productivity growth (cont’)
2 SECTORAL
SPECIALISATION:
CURRENT SITUATION
AND EVOLUTION
(1985-2001)
BE DE GR ES FR IE IT LU NL AT PT FI DK SE UK EU EA USA
Total economy
Agriculture
Mining and quarrying
Total manufacturing
Food products,
beverages and tobacco
Textiles, textile products,
leather and footwear
Wood and products
of wood and cork
Pulp, paper, paper products,
printing and publishing
Rubber, plastics
and fuel products
Chemicals and
chemical products
Other non-metallic
mineral products
Basic metals and
fabricated metal products
Machinery and equipment
Transport equipment
Manufacturing NEC;
recycling
Low technology intensity
Medium-low technology
intensity
Medium-high technology
intensity
High technology intensity
Electricity, gas
and water supply
Construction
Business services
Wholesale and retail
trade; restaurants
and hotels
Wholesale and
retail trade
Restaurants and hotels
1.7 2.0 1.9 1.0
4.3 6.2 4.1 3.0
10.6 -0.4 2.8 4.3
3.3 2.0 0.9 1.9
1.5 0.6 1.7 1.0
6.5 3.2 0.7 1.7
3.2 2.5 4.0 -0.5
3.9 1.2 1.0 -0.2
1.1 1.3 -8.0 0.6
4.7 4.2 1.7 2.4
3.6 2.9 3.2 2.4
2.1 2.2 -1.0 1.0
3.1 1.9 5.2 3.6
2.2 1.0 5.6 3.6
2.2 0.0 4.2 2.0
3.5 1.5 1.3 1.4
3.3 1.2 3.1 0.6
2.2 2.2 -2.9 1.4
3.6 2.1 3.6 3.2
5.1 4.4 5.1 4.6
1.0 0.4 0.1 0.2
1.3 1.8 0.7 0.2
-0.3 0.5 0.8 -0.1
-0.4 1.2 1.8 -0.1
0.8 -3.0 -1.3 -0.5
1.5 3.4 1.5 2.5 0.8
4.5 - 5.0 0.7 3.5
- - 3.1 8.3 2.9
3.5 5.1 2.3 4.5 2.6
0.6 1.2 2.0 -2.3 3.3
2.8 1.2 2.8 12.7 2.4
2.3 1.0 3.3 - 0.6
2.7 7.1 2.3 0.1 2.6
2.9 -1.7 -1.9 7.5 1.7
5.9 8.4 3.2 3.5 4.6
3.2 1.8 1.8 2.6 0.6
2.8 1.7 2.5 6.2 1.9
4.5 4.2 2.4 0.1 2.8
4.6 5.0 2.2 -0.1 2.9
3.4 -1.8 1.8 5.0 1.0
1.6 2.1 2.6 3.5 3.3
2.9 4.5 2.4 1.3 1.8
2.9 0.8 1.4 6.1 1.7
4.8 6.2 2.6 1.8 3.3
3.8 1.2 2.5 4.2 2.9
0.9 - 0.8 0.9 -0.3
0.8 - 1.1 2.0 0.4
1.4 - 1.3 2.9 0.5
2.3 - 1.8 3.6 0.9
-2.1 - -0.8 -0.3 -1.9
2.2 2.8 3.0 1.6 2.1
4.8 4.4 5.0 6.9 3.0
2.3 - 5.8 14.0 2.9
3.7 3.2 5.5 2.1 4.4
3.2 1.3 4.1 2.8 2.3
2.8 1.9 2.7 3.5 3.3
2.0 4.9 4.8 0.0 6.4
5.1 2.2 4.3 0.0 4.0
8.4 3.0 3.0 0.1 1.4
5.3 3.1 4.2 5.5 6.0
1.3 4.9 3.2 0.4 1.1
2.7 4.1 4.1 1.4 4.1
3.8 3.6 8.1 2.1 5.8
2.9 11.1 2.8 2.2 3.3
3.8 3.3 3.0 0.7 2.5
3.3 1.7 4.3 3.1 2.9
3.9 2.9 4.3 0.2 4.0
3.5 4.5 3.7 0.8 3.3
3.9 4.7 7.0 3.3 5.1
3.4 7.6 5.4 2.3 1.3
1.7 2.6 0.5 0.1 1.1
1.6 2.4 2.6 1.5
1.4 1.4 2.2 1.2
1.9 1.7 2.4 1.5
0.1 0.2 1.5 -0.3
1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4
1.6 4.7 4.9 2.1
9.7 6.7 4.2 3.6
3.0 2.6 2.6 3.2
1.6 1.5 1.4 -1.5
2.4 2.3 2.3 3.3
0.2 2.5 2.8 -1.1
2.0 2.1 2.2 -0.8
1.1 1.0 1.0 1.4
5.4 4.5 4.4 3.1
2.9 2.6 2.6 1.6
1.7 2.3 2.3 2.0
4.3 3.3 3.1 9.4
4.3 2.4 2.0 1.2
0.3 1.3 1.5 1.6
2.5 1.9 1.8 0.6
1.4 1.8 1.9 -0.4
1.8 2.0 2.0 1.8
4.6 3.3 3.0 5.9
8.6 4.8 4.0 1.8
2.2 0.7 0.5 0.1
1.9 1.3 1.2 1.9
2.1 1.0 0.8 2.7
3.0 - 1.5 1.3 2.8
- - -1.3 -1.5 1.0
Transport and storage
and communication 2.9 5.6 5.5 3.1 3.5
Transport and storage - 3.0 3.8 3.0 2.4
Post and telecommunication - 9.5 7.5 3.8 5.8
Finance, insurance,
real estate and business
services 0.8 -0.1 -2.6 -1.3 -0.9
Financial intermedistion - 3.0 1.1 1.6 0.2
Real estate, renting and
business activities - -1.3 -4.2 -2.7 -1.4
- 3.7 8.7 2.8 2.3 5.2 4.6 3.9
- 2.1 - 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.9 3.6
- 8.0 - 5.4 4.9 11.1 9.3 5.3
3.8 4.0 4.0 2.4
- 2.5 2.4 1.2
- 6.9 7.1 4.0
Community social
and personal services
-1.2 -1.8
2.2 0.6
-2.5 -4.3
-0.8 0.7
0.0 3.0
-1.0 -0.5
0.8 0.8
11.7 3.9
-5.3 -0.2
0.1 -0.9
2.1 3.0
-0.7 -1.8
0.5 -0.3
- 1.4
- -1.1
-0.5 0.5
2.1 2.7
-1.6 -0.5
0.5 0.8 - 0.3 0.2 - -0.3 2.4 0.1 -0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4
1.0 0.4 0.3 -1.0
Sources: OECD, European commission, NCBs and ECB calculations.
Notes: The figure presents averages of real valued added per worker (annual percentage change) over the two sub-periods 1985-1990
and 1996-2001 and the period 1985-2001; data for Greece start only in 1988 and for the Netherlands in 1987. Figures for the EU and the
euro area refer to country-weighted averages and do not include Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg and Sweden on account of missing
sectors.
ECB ■
Occasional Paper No. 19 Kwl
July 2 004∣ 27