Sectoral specialisation in the EU a macroeconomic perspective



Table 3 Labour productivity growth (cont’)


2 SECTORAL
SPECIALISATION:
CURRENT SITUATION
AND EVOLUTION


(1985-2001)

BE DE GR ES FR IE IT LU NL AT PT FI DK SE UK EU EA USA

Total economy

Agriculture
Mining and quarrying

Total manufacturing

Food products,
beverages and tobacco
Textiles, textile products,
leather and footwear
Wood and products
of wood and cork

Pulp, paper, paper products,
printing and publishing
Rubber, plastics
and fuel products
Chemicals and
chemical products
Other non-metallic
mineral products
Basic metals and
fabricated metal products
Machinery and equipment
Transport equipment
Manufacturing NEC;
recycling

Low technology intensity
Medium-low technology
intensity

Medium-high technology
intensity

High technology intensity

Electricity, gas
and water supply
Construction

Business services

Wholesale and retail
trade; restaurants
and hotels

Wholesale and
retail trade

Restaurants and hotels

1.7  2.0  1.9  1.0

4.3  6.2  4.1  3.0

10.6  -0.4  2.8  4.3

3.3  2.0  0.9  1.9

1.5   0.6   1.7   1.0

6.5   3.2   0.7   1.7

3.2   2.5   4.0  -0.5

3.9   1.2   1.0  -0.2

1.1    1.3  -8.0   0.6

4.7   4.2   1.7   2.4

3.6   2.9   3.2   2.4

2.1   2.2  -1.0   1.0

3.1    1.9   5.2   3.6

2.2   1.0   5.6   3.6

2.2   0.0   4.2   2.0

3.5    1.5    1.3   1.4

3.3    1.2   3.1   0.6

2.2   2.2  -2.9   1.4

3.6   2.1    3.6   3.2

5.1   4.4   5.1   4.6

1.0   0.4   0.1   0.2

1.3  1.8  0.7  0.2

-0.3   0.5   0.8  -0.1

-0.4    1.2    1.8  -0.1

0.8  -3.0  -1.3  -0.5


1.5  3.4   1.5  2.5  0.8

4.5     -   5.0   0.7   3.5

-     -   3.1   8.3   2.9

3.5  5.1  2.3  4.5  2.6

0.6   1.2   2.0  -2.3   3.3

2.8   1.2   2.8  12.7   2.4

2.3   1.0   3.3      -   0.6

2.7   7.1   2.3   0.1   2.6

2.9  -1.7  -1.9   7.5   1.7

5.9   8.4   3.2   3.5   4.6

3.2   1.8   1.8   2.6   0.6

2.8   1.7   2.5   6.2    1.9

4.5   4.2   2.4   0.1   2.8

4.6   5.0   2.2  -0.1   2.9

3.4  -1.8   1.8   5.0   1.0

1.6   2.1   2.6   3.5   3.3

2.9   4.5   2.4   1.3    1.8

2.9   0.8   1.4   6.1    1.7

4.8   6.2   2.6   1.8   3.3

3.8  1.2  2.5  4.2  2.9

0.9     -   0.8   0.9  -0.3

0.8     -   1.1   2.0   0.4

1.4      -   1.3   2.9   0.5

2.3      -   1.8   3.6   0.9

-2.1     -  -0.8  -0.3  -1.9

2.2  2.8  3.0  1.6  2.1

4.8  4.4  5.0  6.9  3.0

2.3     -  5.8 14.0  2.9

3.7  3.2  5.5  2.1   4.4

3.2   1.3   4.1   2.8   2.3

2.8   1.9   2.7   3.5   3.3

2.0   4.9   4.8   0.0   6.4

5.1   2.2   4.3   0.0   4.0

8.4   3.0   3.0   0.1    1.4

5.3   3.1   4.2   5.5   6.0

1.3   4.9   3.2   0.4   1.1

2.7   4.1   4.1    1.4   4.1

3.8   3.6   8.1   2.1   5.8

2.9  11.1   2.8   2.2   3.3

3.8   3.3   3.0   0.7   2.5

3.3   1.7   4.3   3.1   2.9

3.9   2.9   4.3   0.2   4.0

3.5   4.5   3.7   0.8   3.3

3.9   4.7   7.0   3.3   5.1

3.4  7.6  5.4  2.3  1.3

1.7   2.6   0.5   0.1   1.1

1.6  2.4  2.6  1.5

1.4   1.4   2.2   1.2

1.9   1.7   2.4   1.5

0.1   0.2   1.5  -0.3


1.9   1.7   1.6   1.4

1.6  4.7  4.9   2.1

9.7  6.7  4.2   3.6

3.0  2.6  2.6   3.2

1.6   1.5    1.4   -1.5

2.4   2.3   2.3    3.3

0.2   2.5   2.8  -1.1

2.0   2.1   2.2  -0.8

1.1    1.0   1.0    1.4

5.4   4.5   4.4    3.1

2.9   2.6   2.6    1.6

1.7   2.3   2.3   2.0

4.3   3.3   3.1    9.4

4.3   2.4   2.0    1.2

0.3   1.3   1.5    1.6

2.5    1.9    1.8    0.6

1.4   1.8   1.9   -0.4

1.8   2.0   2.0    1.8

4.6   3.3   3.0    5.9

8.6  4.8  4.0   1.8

2.2  0.7  0.5   0.1

1.9   1.3   1.2   1.9

2.1    1.0   0.8    2.7

3.0      -   1.5    1.3    2.8

-      - -1.3 -1.5    1.0

Transport and storage
and communication         2.9   5.6   5.5   3.1   3.5

Transport and storage -   3.0   3.8   3.0  2.4

Post and telecommunication -   9.5   7.5   3.8   5.8

Finance, insurance,
real estate and business
services                      0.8  -0.1  -2.6  -1.3  -0.9

Financial intermedistion      -   3.0   1.1   1.6   0.2

Real estate, renting and
business activities            -  -1.3  -4.2  -2.7  -1.4


-   3.7   8.7   2.8   2.3   5.2   4.6   3.9

-   2.1      -   1.5    1.3   2.0   2.9   3.6

-   8.0      -   5.4   4.9  11.1   9.3   5.3


3.8   4.0   4.0   2.4

-   2.5   2.4    1.2

-   6.9   7.1    4.0


Community social
and personal services


-1.2 -1.8

2.2   0.6

-2.5 -4.3


-0.8   0.7

0.0   3.0

-1.0 -0.5


0.8   0.8

11.7   3.9

-5.3 -0.2


0.1 -0.9

2.1   3.0

-0.7 -1.8


0.5 -0.3

-    1.4

- -1.1


-0.5    0.5

2.1    2.7

-1.6 -0.5


0.5 0.8     - 0.3 0.2     - -0.3 2.4 0.1 -0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4


1.0 0.4 0.3 -1.0


Sources: OECD, European commission, NCBs and ECB calculations.

Notes: The figure presents averages of real valued added per worker (annual percentage change) over the two sub-periods 1985-1990
and 1996-2001 and the period 1985-2001; data for Greece start only in 1988 and for the Netherlands in 1987. Figures for the EU and the
euro area refer to country-weighted averages and do not include Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg and Sweden on account of missing
sectors.

ECB ■

Occasional Paper No. 19 Kwl

July 2 004∣ 27



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