5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

Enjoyment____________

Motivation__________

Sense of security

Sense of progress

Deployment

N

M___

SD

N____

M

SD

N____

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

PW

H__

600

3.42

1.28

600

3.40

1.27

595

3.32

1.25

599

3.54

1.29

600

2.52

.92

J.__

865

3.21

1.36

865

3.17

1.37

864

3.10

1.33

862

3.28

1.32

863

2.33

.91

t=2.893, df=1463,
p<.01__________________

t=3.156, df=1463,
p<.01______________

t=3.229, df=1457,
p<.01

t=3.807, df=1459,
p<.01

t= 3.946, df=1461,
p<.01

UC

H

598

3.21

1.54

598

3.27

1.46

595

3.05

1.41

595

3.14

1.35

599

1.64

.87

J.__

864

3.38

1.58

864

3.37

1.51

863

3.11

1.49

860

3.09

1.39

861

1.47

.75

t=-2.121, df=1460,
p<.05__________________

t=-1.240, df=1460, p>.0!

t= -.745,
df=1321.912, p>.05

t=.798, df=1453,
p>.05__

t=3.923,
df=1167.102, p<.01

RT

H

598

3.03

1.19

597

3.0Γ∏

1.281

593

3.13

1.32

596

3.59

1.30

599

3.45

.94

_L__

863

2.71

1.15

865

2.61

1.25

864

2.84

1.31

863

3.31

1.36

861

3.39

.99

t=5.104, df=1459,
p<.01

t=5.930, df=1460,
p<.01

t=4.126, df=1455,
p<.01

t=3.929, df=1457,
p<.01

t=1.172, df=1458,
p>.05

TE

H

599

3.66

1.16

600

3.59

1.19

595

3.60

1.21

599

3.98

1.11

597

3.60

1.05

J-__

865

3.27

1.25

865

3.11

1.28

864

3.20

1.29

863

3.71

1.26

857

3.62

1.05

t=6.191, df=1462,
p<.01

t=7.139, df=1463, p<.01

t=5.924, df=1457,
p<.01

t=4.333,
df=1381.495, p<.01

t= -.353, df=1452,
p>.05

IW

H

600

3.05

1.33

600

3.20

1.36

596

3.24

1.34

599

3.54

1.29

596

3.55

.99

J_z__

865

2.83

1.31

865

2.91

1.41

864

3.13

1.42

863

3.40

1.37

858

3.45

1.00

t=3.150, df=1463,
p<.01__________________

t=3.899, df=1463,
p<.01__________________

t=1.601, df=1458

p>.05__________________

t=1.944,
df=1334.554, p>.05

t=1.914, df=1452,
p>.05__________________

IH

H

597 ^π

2.58

1.24

600

2.78

1.31

596

2.90

1.35

598

3.18

1.35

598

3.04

.99

J-__

861

2.34

1.22

863

2,50

1.36

863

2.65

1.38

863

3.22

1.41

861

2.70

1.04

t=3.731,
df=1456, p<.01

t=4.027,
df=1316.273, p<.01

t=3.509,
df=1300.972,p<.01

t= -.523,

df=1319.159_tp>.05

t=6.294,
df=1326.665, p<.01___

WD

H

600

3.27

1.15

600

3.33

1.16

596

3.30

1.18

599

3.43

1.21

593

3.29

1.06

J-__

865

3.09

1.23

865

3.00

1.28

864

3.00

1.29

863

3.26

1.32

854

3.22

1.12

t=2.802, df=1463,
p<.01

t=5.035, df = 1463,
p<.01

t=4.541, df=1458,
p<.01__

t=2.588,
df=1357.025, p<.05

t=1.170, df=1445,

p>.05__________________

GD

H

600

3.26

1.22

600

3.32

1.23

596

3.27

1.20

598

3.38

1.24

594

2.53

.91

J-__

865

3.03

1.22

865

2.98

1.22

864

3.01

1.24

862

3.13

1,22

856

2.33

.92

t=3.544,
df=1283.626, p<,01

t=5.209,
df=1287.518, p<.01

t=3.984, df=1458,
p<.01__________________

t=3.769,
df=1274,644, p<.01

t=4.067, df=1448,
p<.01 ________________