5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

Enjoyment____________

Motivation

Sense of security

Sense of progress

Deployment

N____

M___

SD

N___

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

PW

H__

896

2.86

1.41

895

2.71

1.34

896

2.56

1.21

894

2.81

1.27

894

1.43

.62

_L__

1082

2.80

1.33

1077

2.64

1.24

1072

2.52

1.20

1073

2.72

1.24

1072

1.40

.60

t= 1.031,
df=1862.934, p>.05

t=1.177,
df=1848.257, p>.05

t=.632, df=1966,
p>.05

t= 1.643, df=1965, p>.05

t= 1.057, df=1964,
p>.05

UC

H

896

3.04

1.53

894

2.88

1.41

895

2.57

1.29

892

2.57

1.24

895

1.41

.72

_L__

1081

3.10

1.50

1076

2.93

1.38

1070

2.65

1.27

1071

2.60

1.21

1072

1.31

.65

t=-.771,df=1975,
p>.05__________________

t=-.869,df=1968,
p>.05______________

t=-1.406, df=1963,
p>.05

t=-.672,df=1961,
p>.05

t=3.482,
df=1809.978, p<.01

RT

H

895

2.65

1.21

892

2.49

1.21

896

2.89

1.27

894

3.28

1.24

889

3.10

1.13

J.__

1082

2.58

1.17

1073

2.42

1.16

1072

2.71

1.22

1071

3.06

1.26

1070

2.98

1.16

t=1.202, df=1975,
p>.05__________________

t=1.211, df=1963,
p>.05___

t=3.104, df=1966,
p<.01

t= 3.969, df=1963,
p<.O1

t=2.363, df=1957,
p<.05

TE

H

896

3.46

1.25

895

3.29

1.24

896

3.58

1.19

894

3.93

1.10

889

4.08

.97

_L__

1082

3.32

1.23

1076

3.13

1.21

1072

3.33

1.24

1072

3.77

1.08

1070

3.99

1.03

t=2.365, df=1976,
p<.05__________________

t=2.877,
df=1886.556, p<.01

t=4.510, df=1966,
p<.01

t=3.208, df=1964, p<.01

t= 1.950, df=1957,
p>.05

IW

ɪz

896

3.31

1.28

894

3.44

1.28

896

3.69

1.26

894

3.87

1.14

887

3.89

.90

JL__

1082

3.18

1.25

1077

3.27

1.28

1072

3.53

1.26

1073

3.75

1.17

1072

3.82

.89

t=2.178, df=1976,
p<.05 ____

t=2.896, df=1969,
p<.01

t=2.736, df=1966,
p<.01

t=2.251, df=1965,
p<.05

t= 1.516, df=1957,
p>.05

IH

~H

896

3.05

1.32

895

3.38

1.37

896

3.67

1.29

893

4.12

1.11

890

3.21

1.08

"l

1082

2.92

1.31

1077

3.18

1.33

1071

3.40

1.34

1073

3.97

1.18

1068

3.05

1.10

t=2.261, df=1976,

p<.05__________________

t=3.142,
df=1884.085, p<,01

t=4.495,
df=1928,259, p<.01

t=2.905, df=1964,
p<.01__________________

t=3.209, df=1956,
p<.01__________________

WD

H

896

2.60

1.25

895

2.52

1.23

895

2.46

1.15

894

2.55

1.18

885

1.93

.97

L___

1082

2.50

1.18

1077

2.43

1.15

1072

2.38

1.13

1073

2.51

1.13

1069

1.82

.91

t= 1.755,
df=1863.432, p>.05

t=1.720,
df=1848.127, p>.05

t=1.523, df=1965,
p>.05__________________

t=.930, df=1965,
p>.05__________________

t= 2.545, df=1952,
p<.05__________________

GD

H

896

2.73

1.30

894

2.69

1.29

893

2.60

1.21

894

2.64

1.19

880

1.56

.77

L___

1082

2.75

1.31

1077

2.67

1.26

1072

2.57

1.19

1072

2.62

1.17

1068

1.51

.77

t=-.338, df=1976,
p>.05__________________

t=.353, df=1969,
p>.05__________________

t=.597, df=1963,
p>.05__________________

t= .228, df=1964,
p>.05__________________

t= 1.595, df=1946,
p>.05__________________