Om Økonomi, matematik og videnskabelighed - et bud på provokation



princippet. Herom er der dog ikke enighed; jf. gennemgangen i afsnit 3 og
f.eks. Niehans (1981), der p. 174 skriver: ”
Hardly any economic theory is ever
empirically falsified. It rather falls into disuse and is forgotten, perhaps to be
rediscovered decades latter ... economic doctrines are usually tested, not by
systematic methods, but by a Darwinian struggle for survival in the arena of
history
”.13

Lad os slutte dette afsnit med lidt fremtidsvision. I en bemærkelsesværdig arti-
kel hensætter Colander (2000) sig til âr 2050, hvor han blandt andet ser tilbage
pa den 0konomiske teoris udvikling fra âr 2000 og fremefter. Han kendetegner
heri 0konomi som en eksperimentel fagdisciplin, der forf0lger en
""complexity
approach
”, hvor 0konomen med en induktivistisk tilgang fors0ger at finde ro-
buste strukturer i 0konomiske data hentet fra en kompliceret og til stadighed
foranderlig virkelighed.14 I en sâdan verden forestiller Colander sig, at den ri-
cardianske metodologi har mistet sin dominans. Âr 2050 har
""computation re-
placed deduction as the primary workhorse of applied and theoretical econom-
ics
”; p. 131. Ogsâ idealet om den rationelle economic man er undertrykt âr
2050. Pâ dette tidspunkt, skriver Colander, modelleres den 0konomiske teoris
mikro0konomiske fundament i en kontekstuel sammenhæng. Som en konse-
kvens heraf er det kun muligt for den 0konomiske teori at fastlægge ârsags-
sammenhænge i 0konomien, som er af en temporær karakter. Jagten pâ den
generelle 0konomiske model er sâledes indstillet i 2050, idet: ”
Rather than
bounding after the unkowable, and trying to deduce analytically models that
hold for all times, economics has reduced its search to what it believes is know-
able. New Millennium economists search for patterns in data, try to find tempo-

13 Netop herved adskiller 0konomi sig, if0lge Niehans, fra naturvidenskaberne, idet 0konomi er
a science of unique events”, p. 175, hvorfor falsifikation og hypotesetestning derfor spiller en
mindre betydningsfuld rolle i 0konomi end i naturvidenskaberne. Niehans ser sâledes 0ko-
nomens rolle som et fors0g pâ ”
to ”explain” the past and, by so doing, learn something that
might be useful in the future. In the chaos that reality really is, he tries to create little islands
of intellectual order, in the ever-changing flow of history he tries to create durable and pre-
dictable patterns
”, p. 167.

14 Jf. Colander (2000:129): ”the picture of an economist is of a person sitting at the computer
doing analytic and data analysis simultaneously, relying on computer programs that take
data, analyze it, and suggest eight or ten alternative models that fit it
”.

15



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