5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

Enjoyment____________

Motivation_______________

Sense Ofsecurity_______

Senseofprogress

Deployment

N____

M___

SD

N____

M

SD

N___

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

PW

H

648

3.53

1.32

648

3.57

1.30

647

3.53

1.27

646

3.63

1.27

646

2.56

.94

_L__

802

3.10

1.31

802

3.01

1.32

797

2.90

1.26

799

3.19

1.31

801

2.27

.87

t=6.124, df=1448, p<.01

t=8.063, df=1448, p<.01

t=9.459, df=1378.659,
p<.01

t=6.409, df=1443,
p<.01

t=6.027, df=1334.307,
p<.01

UC

H

648

3.40

1.55

647

3.42

1.43

647

3.19

1.42

645

3.18

1.33

644

1.53

.78

_L__

799

3.25

1.57

800

3.27

1,54

796

3.02

1,48

796

3.07

1.40

800

1.53

.82

t=1.889, df=1445,

p>.05__________________

t=2.004, df=1417.417,
p<.05__

t=2.166, df=1441,
p<.05__________________

t=1.630, df=1439,
p>.05__________________

t=.064, df=1442,
p>.05__________________

RT

H

647

2.99

1.20

646

2.90

1.28

646

3.16

1.31

646

3.61

1.30

644

3.54

.99

_L___

799

2.71

1.14

801

2.67

1.25

796

2.79

1.30

799

3.28

1.35

801

3.31

.94

t=4.568, df=1444,
p<.01__________________

t=3.455, df=1445,
p<.01__________________

t=5.353, df=1440,
p<.01__________________

t=4.688, df=1443,
p<.01__________________

t=4.389, df=1341.675,

p<.01__________________

ɪ

H

648

3.58

1.17

648

3.47

1.20

647

3.57

1.21

647

4.02

1.07

640

3.77

1.00

_L___

801

3.29

1.26

802

3.15

1.30

797

3.18

1.29

800

3.64

1.27

798

3.48

1.07

t=4.573, df=1447,

p<.01________ _______

t=4.807, df=1448,
p<.01__

t=5.783, df=1442,
p<₁01__________________

t=6.125, df=1442.559,

p<.01__________________

t=5.207, df=1402.392,

p<.01__________________

IW

H

648

3.17

1.33

648

3.26

1.38

647

3.45

1.32

647

3.73

1.22

639

3.64

.95

L

802

2.71

1.28

802

2.85

1.38

798

2.95

1.39

800

3.24

1.38

799

3.37

1.01

t=6.588, df=1448,
p<.01

t=5.686, df=1448,
p<.01

t=6.917, df=1443,
p<.01

t=7.047, df=1434.339,

p<.01__

t=5.270, df=1399.526,

p<.01__________________

IH

H

647

2.54

1.25

647

2.77

1.33

646

2.97

1.35

647

3.44

1.32

645

2.95

1.05

L___

796

2.37

1.21

801

2.48

1.33

798

2.58

1.35

799

3.01

1.42

799

2.73

1.01

t=2.530, df=1441,
p<.05

t=4.041, df=1446,
p<.01

t=5.475, df=1442,
D<.01

t=5.873, df=1444,
p<.01__

t=3.985, df=1442, p<.01

WD

H

648

3.40

1.20

648

3.37

1.19

647

3.38

1.21

647

3.60

1.21

640

3.46

1.07

L___

802

2.96

1.16

802

2.93

1.24

798

2.89

1.24

800

3.11

1.29

790

3.09

1.09

t=7.071, df=1366.122,
D<.01

t=6.775, df=1448, p<.01

t=7.607, df=1443,
p<.01__________________

t=7.424, df=1445,
p<.01__________________

t=6.423, df=1428, p<.01

GD

H

648

3.36

1.19

648

3.40

1.17

647

3.38

1.17

646

3.43

1.18

639

2.55

.89

L___

802

2.94

1.23

802

2.90

1.23

798

2.90

1.22

799

3.07

1.25

796

2.28

.92

t=6.596, df=1448,
p<.01__________________

t=7.844, df=1448, p<.01

t=7.463, df=1443,
p<.01__________________

t=5.569, df=1443,
p<.01__________________

t=5.712, df=1433,
p<.01__________________