5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

Enjoyment__

Motivation ~

Sense Ofsecurity

Sense of progress

Deployment

N____

M___

SD

N____

M

SD

N____

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

N____

M___

SD

PW

H

733

3.50

1.28

733

3.48

1.25

730

3.44

1.21

732

3.58

1.23

731

2.53

.90

_L__

644

3.07

1.36

644

3.02

1.39

641

2.91

1.35

640

3.17

1.38

644

2.31

.93

T=6.055, df=1375, p<.01

t=6.428, df=1375, p<.01

t=7.613, df=1297.834, p<

t=5.859, df=1288.573, p<

t=4.333, df=1373,
p<.01__________________

UC

H

733

3.32

1.53

732

3.35

1.47

730

3.09

1.43

731

3.09

1.33

729

1.65

.86

_L__

643

3.32

1.61

643

3.31

1.52

641

3.09

1.50

638

3.11

1.43

644

1.44

.73

t=.009, df=1331.388, p>.(

t=.459, df=1373,
p>.05

t=.051, df=1369,
p>.05

t=.160, df=1308.835,

p>.05___

t=4.871, df=1368.696,

p<.01__________________

RT

H

732

3.03

1.15

730

2.94

1.26

728

3.15

1.31

730

3.60

1.28

729

3.48

.95

J___

641

2.64

1.17

644

2.59

1.27

641

2.77

1.31

641

3.24

1.40

643

3.31

.98

t=6.066, df=1342.152, p<

t=5.048, df=1372,
p<.01

t=5.334, df=1367, p<.01

t=4.969, df=1307.583, p<

t=3.313, df=1370,
p<.01__________________

TE

H

733

3.68

1.12

733

3.57

1.16

730

3.60

1.18

732

4.05

1.05

726

3.74

1.01

_L__

643

3.13

1.28

644

3.01

1.32

641

3.12

1.33

642

3.59

1.31

641

3.47

1.06

t=8.298, df=1287.336, p<

t=8.296, df=1375,
p<.01

t=7.142, df=1290.717, p<

t=7.185, df=1226.260, p<

t=4.797, df=1324.882,

p<.01__________________

IW

H

733

2.98

1.30

733

3.10

1.39

730

3.27

1.35

732

3.56

1.28

725

3.54

.95

_L__

644

2.83

1.34

644

2.93

1.41

642

3.07

1.42

642

3.36

1.38

641

3.40

1.05

t=2.190, df=1375, p<.05

t=2.201, df=1375,
p<.05

t=2.749, df=1370, p<.01

t=2.751, df=1316.639, p<

t=2.454, df=1301.617, p<

IH

^H^~

733

2.51

1.25

733

2.70

1.31

730

2.83

1.36

731

3.25

1.34

729

2.98

1.02

J-__

639

2.35

1.23

643

2.47

1.36

642

2.62

1.38

642

3.14

1.44

643

2.68

1,02

t=2.452, df=1370, p<.05

t=3.277, df=1374,
p<.01

t=2.850, df=1370, p<.01

t=1.575, df=1316.406,p>

t=5.417, df=1349.042,

p<.01__________________

WD

H

733

3.40

1.14

733

3.40

1.15

730

3.42

1.18

732

3.62

1.15

722

3.40

1.04

J___

644

2.91

1.22

644

2.82

1.28

642

2.78

1.25

642

3.02

1.32

638

3.12

1.14

t=7.790, df=1375,
p<.01

t=8.714, df=1375,
p<.01

t=9.603, df=1370, p<.01

t=8.911, df=1280.977, p<

t=4.744, df=1358, p<.01

GD

H

733

3.34

1.16

733

3.37

1.14

730

3.37

1.12

731

3.43

1.15

726

2.54

.95

J-__

644

2.88

1.24

644

2.82

1.28

642

2.82

1.27

641

3.01

1.28

639

2.28

.90

t=7.154, df=1375,
p<.01__________________

t=8.286, df=1298.324, p<

t=8.476, df=1290.187, p<

t=6.409, df=1370, p<.0Γ

t=5.152, df=1355.421,
p<,01__________________